ICSE Class 10: One-Word Substitution

• One-word substitutions improve writing skills by making it more precise
• They replace phrases or clauses with single words, thereby making sentences more concise
• Knowledge of one-word substitutions is useful for ICSE Class 10 English Language exams

People and Professions

• Anarchist: Seeks to overthrow all forms of government
• Arbitrator: Appointed by two parties to resolve a dispute
• Ascetic: Lives a simple and strict life
• Atheist: Does not believe in God
• Autocrat: Holds absolute power as a ruler
• Bigot: Has narrow-minded religious views
• Bohemian: Lives an unconventional lifestyle
• Bureaucrat: Works as a government official
• Carnivore: Eats flesh
• Chauffeur: Drives a motor car as a job
• Connoisseur: Critically judges art and craft
• Contemporaries: Live at the same time
• Coward: Is afraid to take risks
• Cynic: Believes all men are selfish
• Demagogue: A leader who stirs up the people
• Egoist: Self-centered, loves oneself
• Egotist: Talks about himself/herself constantly
• Epicure: Is devoted to sensual pleasure
• Fatalist: Believes in fate
• Feminist: Works for women's welfare
• Gourmand: Loves good food
• Gourmet: Is a connoisseur of food
• Gregarious: Enjoys company
• Gullible: Can be easily deceived
• Hedonist: Believes pleasure is the greatest good
• Herbivore: Eats herbs
• Hypocrite: Pretends to be someone he/she is not
• Iconoclast: Breaks images and traditions
• Immigrant: Moves to a country to settle there
• Impostor: Pretends to be someone else
• Incorrigible: Cannot be corrected
• Introvert: Does not express himself/herself freely
• Invincible: Cannot be defeated as he/she is too strong
• Mercenary: Does things for money
• Misanthrope: Hates mankind
• Misogamist: Hates marriage
• Misogynist: Hates women
• Optimist: Looks on the bright side of things
• Omniscient: Knows everything
• Omnipotent: Is all powerful
• Pessimist: Focuses on the negative aspects of things
• Philanthropist: Loves mankind
• Philogynist: Loves women
• Polyglot: Knows many languages
• Posthumous: Born after the death of the father
• Radical: Advocates complete political or social reform
• Recluse: Lives in seclusion
• Stoic: Is indifferent to pain and pleasure
• Somnambulist: Walks in his/her sleep
• Teetotaller: Abstains from alcohol
• Traitor: Betrays his/her country
• Truant: Misses school without permission
• Versatile: Adapts to various situations easily
• Veteran: Experienced in an occupation
• Volunteer: Offers his/her services

Places

• Asylum: Place for the insane
• Cemetery: Place for burial
• Crematorium: Place to burn dead bodies
• Den: Habitat for wild animals
• Dormitory: Room with many beds in a college
• Elysium: A place of perfect bliss
• Granary: Place to store grains
• Kennel: Shelter for a dog
• Mint: Place where coins are manufactured
• Nursery: Place where young plants are grown
• Orphanage: Home for orphans

Actions and Events

• Ablution: Washing the body as a religious act
• Ambulatory: Able to walk; related to walking
• Amputate: Surgically cut off a limb
• Anachronism: Something out of its proper time
• Analgesic: Relieves pain
• Anniversary: Date that returns yearly
• Autopsy: Medical examination of a corpse
• Biennial: Happening every two years
• Biography: Life story written by another person
• Blasphemy: Disrespectful act against sacred things
• Cache: Secret hiding for storing provisions
• Calligraphy: Art of beautiful handwriting
• Camouflage: Act of disguising
• Carnage: Mass destruction of life
• Chronicle: Events recorded in order of time
• Circumlocution: Indirect way of saying something
• Claustrophobia: Fear of closed spaces
• Coherent: Logically consistent
• Contagious: Spread by contact
• Coup: Illegal seizure of power from a government
• Credible: Believable
• Democracy: Government by the people
• Ecology: Study of the environment
• Elegy: Poem of mourning
• Embezzle: Misappropriate money
• Epitaph: Words on a tomb
• Euthanasia: Painless killing for incurable patients
• Extempore: Speech delivered without preparation
• Extradition: Surrender of a criminal to another country
• Fallacy: Incorrect belief
• Genocide: Killing of a race
• Gratis: Without payment
• Homicide: Killing of a man
• Hypochondria: Excessive health worry
• Illegible: Cannot be read
• Inaudible: Cannot be heard
• Incorrigible: Incapable of being corrected
• Infallible: Incapable of making mistakes
• Inflammable: Easily set on fire
• Lexicographer: Compiles a dictionary
• Libel: False printed statement damaging reputation
• Martyr: Dies for a cause/country
• Matricide: Murder of one's mother
• Monarchy: Government by a king
• Obituary: Account of a person's life after death
• Oligarchy: Government by a few
• Omnipresent: Present everywhere
• Opaque: Not able to be seen through
• Optimist: Sees the brighter side
• Parricide: Murder of one’s parents
• Paternity: State of being a father
• Plagiarism: Literary theft
• Plebiscite: Decision by direct vote
• Postmortem: Examination of a dead body
• Sanatorium: Treats chronic diseases
• Simultaneous: Happening at the same time
• Sinecure: High salary, no work
• Sophomore: Second-year student
• Suicide: Act of self-killing
• Superannuation: Retirement from office
• Theocracy: Government by religious leaders
• Transparent: Able to be seen through
• Utopia: Ideal, imaginary society
• Verbicide: Murder of a word
• Xenophobia: Fear of strangers

Things

• Agenda: List of meeting topics
• Alimony: Payment to ex-wife after divorce
• Ambiguous: Open to multiple interpretations
• Amphibian: Lives on land and sea
• Analogy: Comparison
• Anomaly: Deviation from the norm
• Anthology: Collection of poems
• Archive: Place for government/public records
• Arsenal: Place for weapons
• Astrology: Study of heavenly influence on humans
• Astronomy: Study of stars/planets
• Audible: Can be heard
• Axiom: Accepted statement without proof
• Bibliophile: Book lover
• Bilateral: Having two sides
• Bouquet: Bunch of flowers
• Brochure: Informative pamphlet/book
• Budget: Income/expenditure estimate
• Cadence: Voice modulation
• Cacography: Bad spelling
• Cannibal: Eats human flesh
• Capsule: Medicine container to swallow
• Carte blanche: Complete freedom to act
• Catastrophe: Sudden disaster
• Celibacy: Abstaining from marriage
• Cliché: Overused statement
• Coalition: Union of parties/states
• Contingent: Dependent on events
• Consul: Government official in a foreign city protecting citizens
• Consulate: Consul's office
• Criterion: Standard of judging
• Culinary: Related to cooking
• Data: Collection of information
• Dearth: Scarcity
• Defection: Abandoning country/cause
• Dilemma: Difficult choice between alternatives
• Domicile: Permanent residence
• Drought: Prolonged dry period
• Edible: Fit to be eaten
• Encyclopaedia: Information on all knowledge branches
• Endemic: Peculiar to a region
• Ephemeral: Short-lived
• Equestrian: Pertaining to horses
• Eradicate: To root out
• Erratum: Mistake in printing
• Etymology: Study of word origins
• Fauna: Animals of a region/period
• Flora: Plants of a region/period
• Fragile: Easily broken
• Garrulous: Talks too much
• Genealogy: Account of family descent
• Hallucination: Seeing nonexistent things
• Heresy: Contrary to accepted doctrines
• Horizon: Earth and sky meet
• Hydrometer: Measures liquid specific gravity
• Hypothesis: Basis for reasoning
• Iconography: Science of symbols
• Idyll: Happy, peaceful scene
• Immutable: Can't be changed
• Impeccable: Without fault
• Impregnable: Can't be entered by force
• Impromptu: Done without preparation
• Inaccessible: Difficult to approach
• Incombustible: Can't be burned
• Incredible: Unbelievable
• Indigenous: Native
• Inevitable: Can't be avoided
• Inexplicable: Can't be explained
• Inimitable: Can't be imitated
• Insomnia: Sleeplessness
• Intangible: Can't be touched
• Interregnum: Period between reigns
• Itinerary: Planned route/journey
• Jurisdiction: Extent of authority
• Larceny: Theft
• Legacy: Inherited property
• Lethal: Deadly
• Linguist: Knows several languages
• Malingerer: Pretends to be ill
• Manoeuvre: Movement of troops/warships
• Manuscript: Book written by hand
• Masquerade: Pretending to be someone else
• Memento: Reminder of event/person
• Menagerie: Wild animals in cages
• Millennium: Thousand-year period
• Mirage: Optical illusion
• Monogamy: Having one spouse
• Mortuary: Place for dead bodies
• Narcissism: Excessive self-love
• Nebula: Dust/gas cloud in space
• Nocturnal: Active at night
• Nomenclature: Naming system
• Nostalgia: Longing for the past
• Nullify: Make legally void
• Numismatics: Study/collecting of coins
• Obsolete: Out of date
• Ornithology: Study of birds
• Ostracize: Exclude from society
• Palindrome: Reads same backward/forward
• Panacea: Remedy for all diseases
• Pandemonium: Wild uproar
• Parable: Story with a moral
• Pastoral: Relating to countryside
• Patent: Exclusive invention right
• Pathology: Study of diseases
• Pedagogue: School teacher
• Philately: Stamp collection
• Phonetics: Study of speech sounds
• Preamble: Statute introduction
• Precinct: Area in a town/city
• Prognosis: Disease forecast
• Propaganda: Information to help/harm
• Prototype: First example
• Querulous: Complaining
• Recidivist: Relapses into crime
• Refugee: Seeks refuge abroad
• Reminiscence: Remembrance
• Repository: Place to store things
• Retrospective: Looking back
• Rhetoric: Persuasive speaking/writing
• Sabotage: Deliberate destruction
• Sacrilege: Violation of holy things
• Sarcasm: Ironical remark
• Schizophrenia: Mental disorder
• Seismograph: Measures earthquake intensity
• Soporific: Causing sleep
• Souvenir: Reminder of a person/event
• Stipend: Fixed allowance
• Subterfuge: Trickery
• Synopsis: Brief summary
• Talisman: Charm to ward off evil
• Taxidermy: Preserving animal skins
• Treason: Betraying one's country
• Truce: Suspension of hostilities
• Typhoon: Tropical storm
• Usury: Lending at high interest
• Vandalism: Property destruction
• Velocity: Speed
• Vendetta: Blood feud
• Verbatim: Word for word
• Viable: Capable of working
• Virtuoso: Skilled in music
• Vivacious: Lively
• Voluble: Fluent in speech
• Vulnerable: Can be wounded

General

• Abstract: Not concrete
• Adequate: Satisfactory, enough
• Adolescence: Period between childhood and adulthood
• Altruism: Unselfish concern for others
• Ambivert: Qualities of extrovert and introvert
• Amicable: Friendly
• Ancient: Very old
• Anonymous: Name is unknown
• Apprentice: Person learning a trade
• Arduous: Tiring and difficult
• Arrogant: Haughty
• Bizarre: Strange
• Boon: Helpful or beneficial
• Cache: Secret store of valuables
• Candid: Frank
• Capricious: Changeable
• Celestial: Heavenly
• Chronic: Long-lasting
• Circumspect: Cautious
• Coercion: Compelling by force
• Communique: Official announcement
• Complacent: Self-satisfied
• Conclusive: Decisive
• Corpulent: Fat
• Cosmopolitan: Worldwide
• De facto: In fact
• De jure: By right
• Deficient: Lacking
• Dexterous: Skilled
• Dogmatic: Opinionated
• Drastic: Radical
• Dynamic: Energetic
• Eccentric: Odd
• Eloquent: Persuasive in speaking/writing
• Empirical: Based on experience
• Enigmatic: Mysterious
• Equivocal: Ambiguous
• Esoteric: Understood by a few
• Ex officio: By virtue of position
• Explicit: Clearly stated
• Extant: Still existing
• Fastidious: Attentive to detail
• Feasible: Possible
• Fictitious: Imaginary
• Frugal: Economical
• Futile: Useless
• Gregarious: Sociable
• Grim: Stern
• Gross: Coarse
• Hapless: Unlucky
• Heinous: Wicked
• Holistic: Dealing with the whole
• Humane: Compassionate
• Hypothetical: Assumed
• Illicit: Unlawful
• Imminent: About to happen
• Imperative: Essential
• Implicit: Implied
• Incognito: Identity concealed
• Inert: Inactive
• Ingenious: Clever
• Innate: Inborn
• Insolvent: Bankrupt
• Intrepid: Fearless
• Intrinsic: Essential
• Inveterate: Habitual
• Irascible: Easily angered
• Laconic: Using few words
• Lethargic: Sluggish
• Lucid: Clear
• Magnanimous: Generous
• Malicious: Spiteful
• Mandatory: Compulsory
• Mediocre: Ordinary
• Meticulous: Careful and precise
• Mitigate: To lessen
• Mundane: Ordinary
• Naive: Innocent
• Nebulous: Vague
• Nomadic: Wandering
• Notorious: Famous for something bad
• Novel: New
• Obsequious: Eager to please
• Onerous: Burdensome
• Opaque: Not transparent
• Opulent: Wealthy
• Orthodox: Conventional
• Overt: Open
• Palpable: Obvious
• Paramount: Supreme
• Parsimonious: Stingy
• Patriarch: Male family head
• Perennial: Long-lasting
• Perfidious: Treacherous
• Perpetual: Never-ending
• Pertinent: Relevant
• Philistine: Uncultured
• Plausible: Believable
• Precarious: Unsafe
• Precocious: Advanced for age
• Prodigal: Wasteful
• Proficient: Skilled
• Profound: Deep
• Prolific: Abundant
• Provisional: Temporary
• Prudent: Careful, sensible
• Pungent: Sharp
• Querulous: Complaining
• Quixotic: Impractical
• Rambunctious: Uncontrollable
• Rancid: Stale
• Rapt: Engrossed
• Rebellious: Defiant
• Reciprocal: Mutual
• Redundant: Unnecessary
• Resilient: Able to recover quickly
• Resolute: Determined
• Reticent: Reserved
• Rigorous: Strict
• Rustic: Rural
• Sagacious: Wise
• Sanguine: Optimistic
• Sardonic: Mocking
• Scrupulous: Conscientious
• Serene: Calm
• Servile: Submissive
• Shrewd: Astute
• Sinister: Threatening
• Skeptical: Doubting
• Slander: False statement
• Solemn: Serious
• Solicitous: Concerned
• Solitary: Lonely
• Sordid: Dirty
• Sporadic: Occasional
• Spurious: False
• Stark: Bare
• Steadfast: Loyal
• Stringent: Strict
• Stupendous: Amazing
• Sublime: Grand
• Succinct: Concise
• Superficial: Shallow
• Surreptitious: Secret
• Taciturn: Reserved
• Tangible: Real
• Tedious: Boring
• Tenable: Defensible
• Tentative: Provisional
• Terse: Brief
• Tranquil: Peaceful
• Ubiquitous: Everywhere
• Ultimate: Final
• Unanimous: Agreed
• Uncouth: Crude
• Unequivocal: Clear
• Unfathomable: Incomprehensible
• Unilateral: One-sided
• Unscathed: Unharmed
• Unwieldy: Cumbersome
• Urbane: Refined
• Vacillate: Waver
• Vagrant: Wandering
• Valid: Sound
• Vapid: Dull
• Vehement: Forceful
• Veracious: Truthful
• Verbose: Talkative
• Vestige: Trace
• Vex: Annoy
• Vigilant: Watchful
• Vilify: Defame
• Visceral: Instinctive
• Voluminous: Abundant
• Voracious: Greedy
• Wary: Cautious
• Whimsical: Playful
• Wistful: Yearning
• Zealous: Enthusiastic

Enhance vocabulary and writing with one-word substitutions. This lesson focuses on people and professions, crucial for ICSE Class 10 English exams. Master concise language.