ICSE Class 10 Biology Chapter 2: Cell Cycle and Division
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Questions and Answers

At which educational level is the first milestone achieved?

  • College education
  • Secondary education (correct)
  • Primary education
  • Higher education
  • What is the significance of the marks obtained in the Class 10 ICSE exam?

  • They are used to evaluate a student's physical fitness
  • They are used to evaluate a student's social skills
  • They are used to evaluate a student's extracurricular skills
  • They are used to evaluate a student's educational excellence and basic academic skills (correct)
  • What is the purpose of the marks obtained in the Class 10 ICSE exam?

  • To evaluate a student's eligibility for school admission
  • To evaluate a student's eligibility for university admission
  • To evaluate a student's eligibility for higher education
  • To evaluate a student's eligibility for college admission (correct)
  • What is the context in which the Class 10 ICSE exam marks are considered?

    <p>In admissions to universities and colleges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the author suggest for students who have doubts in Biology?

    <p>Register for tuition classes on Vedantu.com</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of cell division in living organisms?

    <p>For growth, replacement of old cells, repair of injury and reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three major steps involved in cell division?

    <p>Replication of DNA, division of nucleus, and division of cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the phase where chromosomes become short and thick and move towards the equator of the cell?

    <p>Prophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the type of cell division that leads to growth, development, repair, and replacement?

    <p>Mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the region where chromatids are attached to each other?

    <p>Centromere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phase where chromosomes arrange themselves on the equatorial plane?

    <p>Metaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the spindle fibre in mitosis?

    <p>To attach to the centromere and separate sister chromatids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of meiosis in terms of chromosome number?

    <p>The number of chromosomes is halved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of mitosis in unicellular organisms?

    <p>It helps in asexual reproduction, e.g., binary fission in Amoeba</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of a DNA molecule?

    <p>A double chain of nucleotides in the form of a helix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of the number of divisions?

    <p>Mitosis involves one division, while meiosis involves two divisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of telophase in terms of the nuclear membrane?

    <p>The nuclear membrane reappears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    ICSE Class 10 Biology Revision Notes

    • Class 10 Biology Chapter 2 covers Cell Cycle, Cell Division, and Structure Of Chromosomes
    • Revision Notes and Short Key-notes are prepared by expert Biology teachers as per ICSE guidelines
    • Vedantu.com offers Biology Tuitions to clear doubts

    Importance of ICSE Class 10 Exam

    • Considered the first milestone in a student's educational journey
    • Marks obtained in the exam are considered by schools, colleges, and universities for admission
    • Reflects a student's educational excellence and basic academic skills

    Cell Cycle and Division

    • Cell division is essential for growth, replacement of old cells, repair of injury, and reproduction of living organisms.
    • The cell cycle consists of two phases: Interphase and Mitotic phase (M-phase).

    Interphase

    • Interphase is the interval between two successive cell divisions.
    • It is divided into three stages: G1 phase, S-phase, and G2 phase.

    Cell Division

    • Cell division involves three major steps: replication of DNA, division of nucleus (karyokinesis), and division of cytoplasm (cytokinesis).
    • There are two types of cell division: Mitosis and Meiosis.

    Mitosis

    • Mitosis is the cell division that occurs in four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
    • Prophase: chromosomes become short and thick, move towards the equator of the cell, and duplicate to form two chromatids attached to each other at the centromere.
    • Metaphase: chromosomes arrange themselves on the equatorial plane, each attached to a spindle fibre at its centromere.
    • Anaphase: centromere divides, and two sister chromatids of each chromosome separate and move towards opposite poles.
    • Telophase: chromatids become thinner, and nuclear membrane reappears; nucleolus also reappears in each daughter nucleus.
    • Mitosis is followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm into two, producing two new cells.

    Meiosis

    • Meiosis is the type of cell division that produces sex cells or gametes.
    • It involves two divisions: meiosis I (reduction division) and meiosis II (equational division).
    • Meiosis reduces the number of chromosomes in the cells by half.

    Significance of Mitosis

    • Mitosis plays an important role in vegetative growth, wound healing, repair, and regeneration.
    • It maintains the same chromosome number in the daughter cells as the mother cell.
    • It maintains the proper size of a cell.
    • It helps in asexual reproduction, e.g., binary fission in Amoeba.

    Significance of Meiosis

    • Meiosis plays an important role in sexual reproduction, i.e., in the formation of gametes (sperms and ova).
    • It maintains the constant number of chromosomes in a species.
    • It brings about recombination between maternal and paternal genes, thereby bringing in genetic variations responsible for evolution.

    Chromosomes and DNA

    • Chromosomes are long thread-like structures made of DNA and proteins.
    • DNA molecule is made up of a double chain of nucleotides in the form of a helix.
    • A nucleotide is a sugar molecule joined to a phosphate group and an organic base.

    Differences between Mitosis and Meiosis

    • Mitosis occurs in vegetative cells, whereas meiosis occurs in reproductive cells.
    • Mitosis involves one cell division, whereas meiosis involves two successive divisions.
    • Mitosis produces two daughter cells, whereas meiosis produces four daughter cells.
    • Mitosis produces genetically similar daughter cells, whereas meiosis produces genetically different daughter cells.
    • Mitosis maintains the same number of chromosomes in the daughter cells as the parent cell, whereas meiosis reduces the number of chromosomes by half.

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    Description

    Revision notes and short key-notes for ICSE Class 10 Biology Chapter 2, covering cell cycle, cell division, and structure of chromosomes. Prepared by expert biology teachers as per ICSE guidelines.

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