ICPI Certification Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

Who were the first group in history to widely use segmental pavers?

Egyptians

Greeks

Mayans

Romans (correct)

What material was used for paving in the Netherlands around 1000 AD?

Clay Brick

What developed in the 1950s?

Concrete pavers

What year did concrete paver production machines first begin operating in North America?

1973 Signup and view all the answers

Interlocking concrete paving systems (ICPS) are flexible.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the uppermost layer of an ICPS?

Pavers w/ joint sand Signup and view all the answers

What is the layer that pavers set on?

Bedding (sand) Signup and view all the answers

What layer supports the pavers and bedding?

Base (compacted aggregate) Signup and view all the answers

What is the layer below the base?

Sub-base (compacted) Signup and view all the answers

What borders the layers of an ICPS?

Edge restraint Signup and view all the answers

What separates the layers in an ICPS?

Geotextile Signup and view all the answers

___________ interlock - load is absorbed by bedding sand. Failure happens when this is displaced.

Vertical Signup and view all the answers

_____________ interlock - load is absorbed by bedding sand and surrounding pavers. Failure happens when wide/open joints allow pavers to twist.

Rotational Signup and view all the answers

_____________ interlock - load is absorbed by adjoining pavers. Failure happens when pavers can slide across bedding.

Horizontal Signup and view all the answers

What factors affect interlock?

Paver thickness, pattern, joint width, edge restraints, shape and size Signup and view all the answers

What is the governing document for the four-point safety system?

OSHA bulletin, 2209-02R 2005 Signup and view all the answers

What does the four-point safety system include?

Management Commitment, worksite hazard analysis, hazard prevention, training Signup and view all the answers

What are some common hazards?

Heat, eye, impact, vibration, hearing, silica dust exposure Signup and view all the answers

What is OSHA's Hierarchy of Control?

Elimination > engineering > administrative > PPE Signup and view all the answers

What PPE is recommended for silica dust exposure?

N95 mask, half face respirator, respirator with an assigned protection factor greater than 10 Signup and view all the answers

What topics should be included in Toolbox Talks/Tailgate Safety Meetings?

OSHA Log 300 records, findings from safety inspections, findings from accident investigations and near misses, Cal/OSHA Safety Orders (Title 8) Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of a Job Jacket?

Proposal, drawing, maps, job sheet, daily time sheet, job quantity sheet Signup and view all the answers

The Job Jacket is held by the site foreman.

False Signup and view all the answers

How far should perimeter stakes be placed outside of the excavation?

12" Signup and view all the answers

By what percent does soil enlarge in volume when excavated?

20-30% Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum recommended slope away from buildings?

1.5% or 3/16" per foot Signup and view all the answers

What is the flow of materials, starting at the site access point?

Completed paving > joint filling > paver compaction > laying > screeding bedding > stockpiling bedding > base compaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimal crew size for paving?

2 - 5 persons Signup and view all the answers

When laying pavers, should workers bend or kneel and why?

Bend, this allows greater range of motion and is less physically demanding Signup and view all the answers

How is soil gradation measured?

Series of circular sieves with smaller screen sizes Signup and view all the answers

What is the smallest sieve size?

200 Signup and view all the answers

What are the three USDA soil particle types?

Sand, silt, clay Signup and view all the answers

What are the properties of clay soil?

Hold moisture, slow to drain, require more compaction Signup and view all the answers

Using the Standard Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes, what material is acceptable for base?

Well graded gravel w/ little or no fines Signup and view all the answers

What does a 'patty test' for soil evaluate?

Water holding capacity Signup and view all the answers

What does a soft and easily breaking 'patty test' indicate?

Soil with high sand or silt content Signup and view all the answers

What does a 'shake test' for soil evaluate?

Shock absorption Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean if water comes to the surface during a shake test?

Soil with high sand content Signup and view all the answers

What does a 'snake test' for soil evaluate?

Clay content Signup and view all the answers

What does a 'snake test' produce?

A long thread or ribbon of clay Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Historical Usage

Romans were the first to widely use segmental pavers in history.
Around 1000 AD, clay bricks became common for paving in the Netherlands.
Concrete pavers were developed in the 1950s.

Evolution of Paving Technology

Concrete paver production machines began operating in North America in 1973.

Interlocking Concrete Paving Systems (ICPS)

ICPS are classified as flexible systems.
The uppermost layer consists of pavers with joint sand.
Pavers are set on a bedding layer made of sand.
The base layer is composed of compacted aggregate supporting the pavers and bedding.
A sub-base layer exists below the base, also compacted.
Edge restraints are used to border the layers and provide stability.
Geotextiles are used to separate different layers within the paving system.

Load Transfer and Interlock Types

Vertical interlock: Load is absorbed by bedding sand, failure occurs when sand is displaced.
Rotational interlock: Load is shared between bedding sand and surrounding pavers, failure happens when wide joints allow twisting.
Horizontal interlock: Load is transferred between adjoining pavers, failure occurs when pavers slide across bedding.

Factors Affecting Paver Interlock

Influential factors include paver thickness, laying pattern, joint width, edge restraints, and paver shape and size.

Safety Measures and Compliance

The governing document for safety systems is OSHA bulletin 2209-02R from 2005.
The four-point safety system comprises Management Commitment, worksite hazard analysis, hazard prevention, and training.
Common hazards include heat, eye impact, vibration, hearing damage, and silica dust exposure.

OSHA Standards

The OSHA Hierarchy of Control consists of elimination, engineering controls, administrative controls, and personal protective equipment (PPE).
PPE for silica dust exposure includes N95 masks, half-face respirators, and respirators with an assigned protection factor above 10.

Meeting and Documentation Protocols

Toolbox Talks/Tailgate Safety Meetings cover OSHA Log 300, safety inspection findings, accident investigations, and Cal/OSHA Safety Orders (Title 8).
The Job Jacket includes a proposal, drawings, maps, job sheets, daily time sheets, and job quantity sheets.
The Job Jacket is maintained in the office, not held by the site foreman, with copies provided as necessary.

Excavation and Soil Properties

Perimeter stakes should be set 12 inches outside the excavation.
Excavated soil volume increases by 20-30%.
A minimum slope of 1.5% (or 3/16" per foot) is recommended away from buildings.

Material Flow and Crew Size

Typical material flow sequence: completed paving, joint filling, paver compaction, laying, screeding bedding, bedding stockpiling, and base compaction.
Optimal crew size for paving tasks is between 2-5 persons.

Worker Ergonomics

Workers should bend while laying pavers to achieve a greater range of motion and reduce physical strain.

Soil Analysis and Classification

Soil gradation is measured using a series of circular sieves with decreasing screen sizes.
The smallest sieve size is rated at 200.
Three USDA soil particle types are sand, silt, and clay.
Clay soil retains moisture, drains slowly, and requires more compaction.
Acceptable base material, according to the Standard Classification of Soils, is well-graded gravel with minimal fines.

Water Retention and Test Methods

A 'patty test' evaluates soil's water holding capacity.
A soft and easily broken patty indicates soil with high sand or silt content.
A 'shake test' assesses shock absorption, with water surfacing indicating high sand content.
A 'snake test' evaluates clay content; successful tests produce long, continuous strands.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the history and development of segmental pavers with these flashcards. From the Romans to modern concrete paver production, this quiz covers significant milestones in the industry. Perfect for those preparing for the ICPI certification.