ICF Framework & Healthcare Terminology

• Week 1 workshop notes cover the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), technical healthcare language, and pharmaceutical therapeutic management.

Learning Outcomes

• Describe the components of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).
• Interpret technical language used in healthcare.
• Use reputable references to identify medications and terminology used to describe pharmaceutical therapeutic management.

The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)

• The ICF is a common model used in allied health practice.
• The ICF is a foundational model of language and communication.
• A biopsychosocial approach to healthcare is essential when developing our understanding of different conditions.
• The components of the ICF diagram are:
  • Health Condition
  • Body Functions & Structures
  • Activities
  • Participation
  • Environmental Factors
  • Personal Factors

ICF Terms

• Body Functions: Physiological functions (circulation, respiration, motor, sensory, auditory) and psychological functions (attention, memory, perception, emotion).
• Body Structures: Organs, limbs, and their components.
• Impairment: Problems with body functions and structures (e.g., visual impairment, paralysis, anxiety, heart disease).
• Activity: Executing tasks like grasping objects, walking, dressing, learning, speaking, and preparing meals.
• Activity Limitation: Difficulties in executing activities (e.g., unable to grasp, walk, get dressed, speak).
• Participation: Involvement in work, community life, recreation and leisure, social roles, and education.
• Participation Restriction: Problems in involvement with life situations (e.g., unable to work, isolated from social networks, cannot live independently).
• Environmental Factors: Physical, social, and attitudinal elements that affect a person's life.
• Personal Factors: Individual's background unrelated to health condition.

Biopsychosocial Approach to Health

• A biopsychosocial model considers biological, psychological, and social factors when assessing an individual’s health and how it influences their wellbeing.
• Medical Model: Considers biological, psychological and social factors, focusing on treatment of a condition through a medical lens
• Social Model: Considers biological, psychological and social factors, focusing on treatment of a condition through a social lens

Application of the ICF

Sprained Ankle

• Impairments: Pain, swelling, decreased range of motion, instability, muscle weakness around the ankle.
• Activity Limitations: Difficulty walking, using stairs, bearing weight, balance/coordination issues, performing quick changes in direction.
• Participation Restrictions: Inability to participate in sports/recreational activities, difficulty with work-related tasks, reduced social engagement due to physical limitations, decreased overall physical activity level.

Spinal Cord Injury with Lower Limb Paralysis

• Impairments: Loss of motor function, muscle weakness/paralysis, sensory loss, autonomic dysfunction (bladder, bowel), pain.
• Activity Limitations: Difficulty walking/transferring, inability to perform self-care tasks, limited mobility in affected areas, problems with upper extremity function.
• Participation Restrictions: Inability to work/participate in employment, difficulty maintaining social relationships, limited access to leisure activities, challenges with independent living and transportation.

Technical Language in Healthcare

• Technical language use in healthcare is important for:
  • Accuracy and consistency
  • Efficiency
  • Mistake reduction
  • Common language with research
  • Consistency of billing

Prefixes and Suffixes

• Medical terminology often combines prefixes (at the beginning of a word) and suffixes (at the end of a word).

Prefixes and Meanings

• Aden(o): Gland
• Adip(o): Fat
• Angi(o): Vessel
• Arteri(o): Artery
• Arthr(o): Joint
• Axill(o): Armpit
• Bronch(o): Bronchus
• Chondr(o): Cartilage
• Col(o): Colon
• Derm(o): Skin
• Ecto: Outside
• Encephala(o): Brain
• Endo: Inside
• Gastr(o): Stomach
• Haem(o): Blood
• Hemi: Half
• Hepat(o): Liver
• Hetero: Different
• Homo: Same
• Hyper: Above normal
• Hypo: Below normal
• Lapar(o): Abdomen
• Mamm(o): Breast
• Mast(o): Breast
• My(o): Muscle
• Myel(o): Bone
• Necr(o): Death
• Nephr(o): Kidney
• Neur(o): Nerve
• Oste(o): Boney
• Patho: Disease
• Pneumon(o): Lung, air
• Pulmon(o): Lung
• Radi(o): x-ray
• Ren(o): Kidney
• Thorac(o): Chest
• Trache(o): Trachea

Suffixes and Meanings

• -algia: Pain
• -cele: Swelling
• -ectasis: Expansion
• -genesis: Creation, formation
• -itis: Inflammation
• -lysis: Breakdown
• -megaly: Enlargement
• -oma: Tumour, mass
• -osis: Disease
• -pathy: Disorder
• -phobia: Fear
• -plasia: Growth
• -plasm: Tissue
• -rrhage: Excessive flow
• -sclerosis: Hardening
• -stenosis: Narrowing
• -trophy: Growth

Term Meanings

• Arthritis: Joint inflammation
• Haemorrhage: Excessive blood flow
• Hepatomegaly: Liver enlargement
• Myalgia: Muscle pain
• Neuropathy: Nerve disorder
• Pathogenesis: Disease formation
• Endocarditis: Inflammation inside the heart (a layer of the heart)

Abbreviations

• Abbreviations improve documentation efficiency but can cause miscommunication and errors in healthcare.
• Using consistent and approved abbreviations can help reduce risk.

Scenario 1

• 4WF: Four-wheeled frame
• CADL: Community activities of daily living
• CCF: Congestive cardiac failure
• D/C: Discharge
• HTN: Hypertension
• (I): Independent
• IHD: Ischaemic heart disease
• OT: Occupational Therapist
• P:: Plan
• Physio: Physiotherapist
• PMH: Past medical history
• PVD: Peripheral vascular disease
• SH: Self harm
• SW: Social worker
• S/V: Supervision
• T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus
• W/S: Walking stick

Scenario 2

• (A): Assistance
• AF: Atrial fibrillation
• DVT: Deep venous thrombosis
• ECG: Electrocardiogram
• IP: Inpatient
• Max. (A): Maximum assistance
• Mod. (A): Moderate assistance
• PE: Physical examination
• PWC: Powered wheelchair
• TIA: Transient ischaemic attack

Scenario 3

• #: Fracture
• BIBA: Brought in by Ambulance
• MWC: Manual wheelchair
• MVA: Motor vehicle accident
• OTA: Over toilet aid
• NWB: Non weight bearing
• PUF: Pick-up frame
• SOEOB: Sitting over edge of bed
• SOOB: Sit out of bed
• STS: Sit to stand
• T/F: Transfer
• WB: Weight bearing
• WBAT: Weight bearing as tolerated

Medications Terminology

Scenario 1

• Medication 1
  • Minipress (Prazosin): Alpha-blocker (Antihypertensive) with or without food
  • Conditions/Problems: Used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Also used for PTSD-related nightmares
  • 2-3 times a day
• Medication 2
  • Coumadin (Warfarin): Anticoagulant (Blood thinner) with or without food
  • Conditions/Problems: Used to prevent and treat blood clots (e.g., deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism) and to reduce stroke risk in conditions like atrial fibrillation
  • Once a day

Scenario 2

• Medication 1
  • Endone (Oxycodone hydrochloride): Opioid analgesic (Pain reliever)
  • Conditions/Problems: Used to relieve moderate to severe pain
  • Every 4-6 hours a day
• Medication 2
  • Maxolon (Metoclopramide): Antiemetic (Dopamine antagonist)
  • Conditions/Problems: Used to treat nausea and vomiting, including that caused by chemotherapy, surgery, or migraines. Also used for gastric motility disorders
  • 3 times a day