IBUS 712: Trade Protectionism Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is one example of a non-tariff barrier?

  • Import tariffs
  • Quotas (correct)
  • Transit tariffs
  • Export tariffs
  • Which of the following is not classified as a direct price influence?

  • Quotas (correct)
  • Customs valuation
  • Aids and loans
  • Subsidies
  • What is the main purpose of subsidies in trade control?

  • To increase the import of goods
  • To enforce standards and labels
  • To decrease the export of goods
  • To assist competitiveness of companies (correct)
  • Which of the following does not fall under nontariff barriers?

    <p>Export tariffs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding tariffs?

    <p>Tariffs can be imposed on goods entering, leaving, or passing through a country. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a reason for countries to limit foreign products and services?

    <p>To preserve national culture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a non-economic rationale for intervention in trade?

    <p>Maintaining essential industries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which practice is likely aimed at preserving national heritage?

    <p>Prohibiting exports of art and historical items (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Japan's approach towards rice imports reflective of?

    <p>A means to sustain a historically cohesive cultural force (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a reason for nations to engage in trade intervention?

    <p>Restricting cultural interactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are tariffs primarily used for in international trade?

    <p>To limit the quantity of goods traded (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT classified as a non-tariff barrier?

    <p>Direct tariffs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do non-tariff barriers affect trade?

    <p>They indirectly affect the amount traded (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of tariffs?

    <p>They are imposed as a form of tax on goods (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of trade barrier includes administrative delays?

    <p>Non-tariff barriers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason for government intervention in trade aimed at fighting unemployment?

    <p>To protect jobs in specific industries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do governments protect infant industries?

    <p>To help them evolve to lower-cost production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one economic rationale for promoting industrialization?

    <p>It tends to produce faster growth than agriculture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a noneconomic rationale for government intervention in trade?

    <p>Preserving national culture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do governments generally aim to improve their comparative position through trade intervention?

    <p>By selectively promoting certain industries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary goal of maintaining essential industries?

    <p>To ensure self-sufficiency in critical sectors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one effect of increased economies of scale in production?

    <p>Ability to compete effectively with other nations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which rationale explains why governments promote acceptable practices abroad?

    <p>To improve international relations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one primary economic rationale for government intervention in trade?

    <p>Maintaining essential industries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which rationale is associated with improving a country's balance of payments?

    <p>Improving comparative position (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might a country promote infant industries through intervention?

    <p>To ensure these industries can compete with established firms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What non-economic rationale involves influencing the behavior of other countries?

    <p>Promoting acceptable practices abroad (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an economic rationale for trade intervention?

    <p>Preserving national culture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might be a consequence of government intervention in maintaining essential industries?

    <p>Stabilization of local employment rates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which rationale supports a government using trade policy as a bargaining tool?

    <p>Promoting acceptable practices abroad (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following considerations is essential for governments when determining essential industries?

    <p>Political consequences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of trade protectionism?

    <p>To influence international trade competitiveness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an economic rationale for government intervention in trade?

    <p>Maintaining essential industries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenge might arise when attempting to resolve unemployment through trade policy?

    <p>Higher prices for consumers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a non-economic rationale for trade intervention?

    <p>Promoting acceptable practices abroad (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of implementing trade protectionism aimed at supporting local industries?

    <p>Increased hostility from other nations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might governments choose to protect infant industries?

    <p>To allow them to grow without competition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One effect of high import restrictions could be to:

    <p>Reduce the availability of goods for consumers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major risk of using trade policy to mitigate unemployment?

    <p>Retaliation by other countries affecting exports (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Fighting Unemployment

    Government intervention in the economy to create jobs and reduce unemployment.

    Protecting Infant Industries

    Government support for new industries to help them grow and compete.

    Improving Comparative Position

    Government policies to improve a country's economic standing in the world.

    Preserving National Culture

    Government action to preserve cultural traditions and identity.

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    Trade Control

    Government control of trade to limit imports and promote domestic production.

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    What are tariffs?

    A tax levied by a government on goods imported or exported from that country, increasing their price and potentially reducing trade.

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    What are nontariff barriers?

    Measures used to limit international trade other than tariffs, such as quotas, subsidies, or administrative delays.

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    What is a quota?

    A direct limit on the quantity of a good that can be imported or exported, artificially reducing trade volume.

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    What are subsidies?

    Government financial assistance provided to domestic producers, making their goods more competitive and encouraging domestic production over imports.

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    What are administrative delays?

    Administrative procedures or delays that make it difficult or costly for goods to cross borders, effectively reducing trade.

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    Tariff

    A tax imposed on goods entering, leaving, or passing through a country.

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    Direct Price Influences

    Policies that affect the price of goods without directly imposing a tax.

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    Quantity Controls

    Policies that limit the quantity of goods that can be traded.

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    Subsidies

    Government financial assistance provided to companies to improve their competitiveness.

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    Non-Tariff Barriers

    Restrictions on imports that use specific regulations or administrative procedures to make it harder for foreign goods to enter the market.

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    Promoting Industrialization

    Government policies aimed at promoting the growth and development of industries within a country.

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    Comparative Advantage

    A country's ability to produce goods and services more efficiently compared to other countries.

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    Maintaining Essential Industries

    Government intervention aimed at safeguarding crucial industries, ensuring a country's continued operation even during emergencies.

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    Promoting Acceptable Practices Abroad

    Government use of trade policies to encourage or discourage other countries from engaging in specific practices.

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    Maintaining or Extending Spheres of Influence

    Government intervention designed to maintain or expand a country's influence and power in global affairs.

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    Trade Protectionism

    Governmental actions that aim to control and influence international trade, often to protect domestic industries and jobs.

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    Quantitative Restrictions (Quotas)

    A type of trade protectionism where governments limit the amount of certain goods that can be imported.

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    Trade Wars

    A situation where countries retaliate against each other by imposing trade restrictions, leading to a spiral of protectionism.

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    Study Notes

    International Business Policy (IBUS 712) - Trade Protectionism

    • Trade protectionism is the use of government restrictions and support to influence international trade competitiveness.
    • Protectionism policies affect the ability of foreign producers to compete in a domestic market, and can limit or enhance a company's ability to sell abroad.

    Reasons for Government Intervention in Trade

    Economic Rationales

    • Fighting unemployment: Unemployed people often strongly advocate for trade restrictions on imports.
    • Protecting infant industries: Governments may shield nascent industries from competition as they mature, allowing them to become price-competitive. High start-up costs make this protection necessary.
    • Promoting industrialization: Countries with rapidly developing manufacturing sectors often use trade restrictions as part of their development strategy. Increasing manufacturing tends to drive GDP.
    • Improving comparative position: Nations can employ trade policies to improve their comparative advantage and relationships with other countries. This can involve actions to influence the balance of payments, access to foreign markets, and acting as a bargaining tool.

    Noneconomic Rationales

    • Maintaining essential industries: Maintaining industries that are critical during times of war or economic crisis is essential to national security and infrastructure.
    • Promoting acceptable practices abroad: Governments use trade policy to encourage desirable practices, like human rights standards and environmental protection. This can also be achieved through embargoes or sanctions.
    • Maintaining or extending spheres of influence: Trade can be used to support geopolitical influence, to encourage imports from friendly countries, or to discourage imports from opponents.
    • Preserving national culture: Governments limit foreign products and services in certain sectors, often to protect their cultural heritage and national pride. This can be done with policies like restrictions on imports of certain goods, or even prohibitions on exporting culturally-significant items.

    Instruments of Trade Control

    • Two types of controls:
      • Tariffs (duties): Directly limit the amount of a good that may be traded by imposing a tax. This is imposed on goods entering, leaving, or passing through a country.
      • Non-tariff barriers: Indirectly affect the amount of trade by other methods.
    • Non-tariff methods:
      • Direct Price Influences: Subsidies, aids, loans, customs valuations.
      • Quantity Controls: Quotas, buy-local legislation, standards, labels, specific permission requirements, administrative delays, reciprocal requirements, and embargoes.
    • Subsidies: Direct assistance to domestic firms to increase their competitiveness, offsetting market imperfections. Aids are common forms of support, such as agricultural subsidies.

    US - China Trade War

    The text mentions a trade war between the US and China without providing specific details.

    Strategies for Firms Facing Import Competition

    • Move abroad: Companies can escape the intense competition by producing products in a different country.
    • Seek other market niches: Focus on unique products catering to specific market segments to minimize direct competition.
    • Make domestic output competitive: Companies can increase efficiency and lower costs to become more price-competitive with imports.
    • Try to get protection: Companies may lobby the government for trade restrictions to minimize the competitive effect of imports.

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    Description

    Explore the essential concepts of trade protectionism in the context of International Business Policy (IBUS 712). This quiz covers government interventions in trade, economic rationales, and the impact on domestic and foreign markets. Test your understanding of the reasons behind trade restrictions and their implications for global competitiveness.

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