Podcast
Questions and Answers
Within a water molecule, what causes the slightly charged regions that lead to hydrogen bond formation?
Within a water molecule, what causes the slightly charged regions that lead to hydrogen bond formation?
- Ionic bonds between hydrogen atoms.
- Nonpolar covalent bonds between oxygen and hydrogen.
- Polar covalent bonds between oxygen and hydrogen. (correct)
- Equal sharing of electrons in covalent bonds.
Why is water known as an excellent solvent?
Why is water known as an excellent solvent?
- It cannot dissolve any substances.
- It dissolves many polar and ionic substances. (correct)
- It only dissolves ionic substances effectively.
- It only dissolves nonpolar substances effectively.
What property of water allows for efficient transportation of water and nutrients in plants?
What property of water allows for efficient transportation of water and nutrients in plants?
- High viscosity.
- Surface tension.
- Cohesion. (correct)
- Adhesion.
How does water's high specific heat capacity affect aquatic environments?
How does water's high specific heat capacity affect aquatic environments?
In the context of water and plant biology, what is the significance of adhesion?
In the context of water and plant biology, what is the significance of adhesion?
What explains the ability of certain organisms to walk on water?
What explains the ability of certain organisms to walk on water?
How does water's role in the xylem vessels of plants contribute to the plant's survival?
How does water's role in the xylem vessels of plants contribute to the plant's survival?
Which property of water is most directly responsible for capillary action?
Which property of water is most directly responsible for capillary action?
In solvation, what is the correct order of the steps that leads to the interaction of a solvent with a dissolved solute?
In solvation, what is the correct order of the steps that leads to the interaction of a solvent with a dissolved solute?
Which of the following is a consequence of the relatively high viscosity of water compared to air?
Which of the following is a consequence of the relatively high viscosity of water compared to air?
Considering the properties of water, why does sweating help cool humans?
Considering the properties of water, why does sweating help cool humans?
In what way does water's density affect aquatic life?
In what way does water's density affect aquatic life?
How does the solvent property of water relate to the transport of nutrients throughout the body?
How does the solvent property of water relate to the transport of nutrients throughout the body?
How does the structure of the water molecule contribute to its unique properties?
How does the structure of the water molecule contribute to its unique properties?
What is the term for a substance that dissolves easily in water and what intermolecular forces best describe it?
What is the term for a substance that dissolves easily in water and what intermolecular forces best describe it?
Which of the following is a direct consequence of hydrogen bonds constantly forming, breaking, and reforming in water?
Which of the following is a direct consequence of hydrogen bonds constantly forming, breaking, and reforming in water?
Why is it important that water has a high thermal conductivity in aquatic habitats?
Why is it important that water has a high thermal conductivity in aquatic habitats?
How do the cohesive and adhesive properties of water support the survival of terrestrial plants?
How do the cohesive and adhesive properties of water support the survival of terrestrial plants?
How might increased water viscosity due to a pollutant affect a small fish?
How might increased water viscosity due to a pollutant affect a small fish?
If a plant species developed a mutation that drastically reduced the polarity of water molecules within its vascular tissue, what would be the most likely consequence?
If a plant species developed a mutation that drastically reduced the polarity of water molecules within its vascular tissue, what would be the most likely consequence?
How does the formation of a meniscus in a glass tube demonstrate the properties of water?
How does the formation of a meniscus in a glass tube demonstrate the properties of water?
How does the solvent action of water influence metabolic rate?
How does the solvent action of water influence metabolic rate?
What properties do cohesion and adhesion have in common?
What properties do cohesion and adhesion have in common?
Unlike ionic and covalent bonds, what is unique about hydrogen bonds?
Unlike ionic and covalent bonds, what is unique about hydrogen bonds?
What type of substances could water molecules attract because of the slight potential charge?
What type of substances could water molecules attract because of the slight potential charge?
Flashcards
Why choose IB Biology?
Why choose IB Biology?
A comprehensive understanding of biology, critical thinking, and inquiry skills, and excellent preparation for future studies.
What is cohesion?
What is cohesion?
The attraction of molecules of the same kind
What is Adhesion?
What is Adhesion?
The attraction of molecules of one kind for molecules of a different kind.
What are hydrogen bonds?
What are hydrogen bonds?
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What is an aqueous solution?
What is an aqueous solution?
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What is a hydrophilic substance?
What is a hydrophilic substance?
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What is a hydrophobic substance?
What is a hydrophobic substance?
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What is Buoyancy?
What is Buoyancy?
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What is viscosity?
What is viscosity?
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What is thermal conductivity?
What is thermal conductivity?
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What is specific heat capacity?
What is specific heat capacity?
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What is solvation?
What is solvation?
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What is a Covalent bond?
What is a Covalent bond?
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What is an ionic bond?
What is an ionic bond?
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Study Notes
IB Biology Introduction
- IB Biology helps develop a comprehensive understanding of Biology
- IB Biology helps develop critical thinking and inquiry skills
- It is globally recognized as excellent preparation for future studies and transferable skills
- The course is arranged into different themes and levels of organization
Themes
- Unity and Diversity
- Form and Function
- Interaction and Interdependence
- Continuity and Change
Organization Levels
- Molecules
- Cells
- Organisms
- Ecosystems
Biology Lessons
- Inquiry: Introduction of an idea, begin inquiry task individually or in small groups
- Knowledge: Teacher-led lesson explains key ideas for the week
- Explore: Work on the covered content and ask questions
- Apply Task: Homework; reviewing and extending learning in class
Week 1: Biology SL - Biomolecules - Water: Inquiry and Knowledge focuses
- Water as a medium for life
- Hydrogen bonds as a consequence of polar covalent bonds
- Role of water as a solvent in metabolism and transport in organisms
- Examination of physical properties and implications for aquatic animals
Water on Earth
- Covers about 71% of Earth's surface
- The other 29% is continents and islands
Hydrogen Bonds
- Electrically neutral atoms have the the same number of protons and electrons
- The number of protons defines an elements.
- Ions are electrically charged and have different numbers of protons and electrons
- They may contain one or more atoms
Ionic Bonds
- Electrons are transfered between atoms, resulting in the formation of ions
- They are moderately strong
- They occur between metal and non-metal atoms
Covalent Bonds
- The sharing of electrons between atoms
- They are are strong and occur between non-metal atoms
Hydrogen bonds
- Weak bonds formed between Hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom
- Electrostatic attraction, weaker than covalent and ionic bonds
Polar Covalent Bonds in Water Molecules
- Covalently bonded molecules with slight potential charge are polar
- Slightly charged regions of water molecule attract other polar or charged compounds
- Water molecules associate via weak hydrogen bonds
- Hydrogen bonds are constantly forming, breaking, and reforming
Cohesion
- The attraction of molecules of one kind for molecules of the same kind
- Allows for efficient transportation of water and nutrients in plants
- Surface tension enables organisms to walk or glide on water surfaces
- It helps in the formation of droplets and capillary action
Adhesion
- The attraction of molecules of one kind for molecules of a different kind
- Capillary action; water climbs glass tubes against gravity
- Water & glass adhesion is stronger because glass is more polar than water
- Results in a meniscus (curved surface)
Water as a Solvent
- It dissolves many polar and ionic substances
- Water in xylem vessels of plants transports inorganic ions (sodium, potassium, calcium)
- Blood including human blood is also an aqueous solution
- Red and white blood cells dissolve in plasma
Solutions With Water
- Aqueous solution is where water is the solvent
- Hydrophilic describes substances that dissolve readily in water and are water-loving
- Hydrophobic describes substances that do not dissolve easily and are water-fearing
Water and Air
- Water is denser than air, stronger buoyant force
- Water has a relatively high viscosity, resists flow
- Water has higher thermal conductivity, effectively transfers heat
- Water has a higher specific heat capacity, slowing temperature changes
Solvation of Water
- The interaction of solvent with a dissolved solute
- There are three steps:
- Separation of solute particles
- Separation of water particles
- Combination of separated solute and water particles
Sodium Chloride Solvation
- Able to solvate in water due to the polar nature of both substances
- Ability of water molecules to form hydrogen bonds
- Enables the dissociation dispersion of sodium and chloride ions in water
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