Module 4 - L1

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

When amounts recognised under tax expense are negative, how are they described?

  • Negative tax expense
  • Deferred tax liabilities
  • Current tax liabilities
  • Tax income (correct)

What is the primary rationale for recognising 'deferred tax expense,' associated deferred tax assets and liabilities according to IAS 12?

  • To accurately reflect the current tax obligations of the entity.
  • To simplify the tax return preparation process.
  • To align financial reporting with taxable profit calculations.
  • To account for the future tax consequences of recovering or settling the carrying amount of assets and liabilities. (correct)

Which of the following best describes the definition of current tax under IAS 12?

  • The deferred tax liabilities recognized in the balance sheet.
  • The estimated tax payable in future periods.
  • The total tax expense, including current and deferred portions.
  • The amount of income taxes payable (recoverable) in respect of taxable profit (tax loss) for the period. (correct)

What are the two general approaches for calculating taxable profit (tax loss)?

<p>Directly, by applying relevant tax laws to transactions. Indirectly, by adjusting the accounting profit for the differences with tax treatments. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where should current tax be recognised for transactions recognised outside of profit or loss?

<p>In OCI if the item is recognised in OCI, or directly in equity if the item is recognised directly in equity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the final step an entity must undertake when recognising the amount of current tax?

<p>Recognising the amount payable to (refundable from) the taxation authorities as an asset or liability. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to IAS 12, if the amount already paid for current and prior periods exceeds the amount due, how should the excess be treated?

<p>Recognized as an asset. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does deferred tax primarily represent?

<p>Future tax consequences of the future recovery of assets and settlement of liabilities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first key step in calculating deferred tax as outlined in Table 4.4?

<p>Determine the tax base of assets and liabilities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'carrying amount' in the context of IAS 12?

<p>The amount at which an asset or liability is recognized in the statement of financial position. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a temporary difference?

<p>The difference between the carrying amount of an asset or liability in the statement of financial position and its tax base. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Land has a carrying amount of $900,000 and a tax base of $600,000. What type of temporary difference exists and why?

<p>Taxable temporary difference, because future taxable amounts will occur. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An employee benefit liability has a carrying amount of $150,000 and a tax base of $0. What type of temporary difference exists?

<p>Deductible temporary difference. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a deferred tax asset primarily related to?

<p>Deductible temporary differences that will reduce future tax payments. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to IAS 12, when should an entity recognize a deferred tax liability?

<p>Whenever the recovery of an asset or settlement of a liability would make future tax payments larger than if such recovery or settlement were to have no tax consequences. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If economic benefits from recovering an asset will not be taxable, what equals the tax base of the asset?

<p>Its carrying amount. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A company receives rent in advance. For tax purposes, the revenue is recognized when earned. How is the tax base calculated?

<p>Carrying amount less any amount of the revenue that will not be taxable in future periods. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Company A has a current liability with a carrying amount of $1,000 related to expenses that will be deductible for tax purposes when settled. What is the tax base of the liability?

<p>$0 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines a 'temporary difference' for deferred tax purposes?

<p>The difference between the carrying amount of an asset or liability in the statement of financial position and its tax base. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in determining whether a deferred tax amount arises?

<p>Calculating the tax base of assets and liabilities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Research costs are expensed when incurred but are deductible for tax purposes in a later period. How are these costs treated when identifying temporary differences?

<p>They are compared to the tax base, even though the carrying amount is $nil. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of all temporary differences?

<p>They reverse over time. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a worksheet format to present the statement of financial position and tax base information?

<p>To identify taxable and deductible temporary differences. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to IAS 12, how should deferred tax assets and liabilities be measured?

<p>At the tax rates expected to apply when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on enacted or substantively enacted tax rates and laws. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is substantive enactment in the context of tax rates, according to IAS 12?

<p>An announcement of tax rates by the government that has the effect of actual enactment, as determined by the legal framework of a jurisdiction. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Entity Q owns a machine with a carrying amount of $80,000 and a tax base of $50,000. In Entity Q's jurisdiction, the tax rate is 25% if assets are sold, and 35% for income generated through use. If Entity Q expects to recover the asset through use, what deferred tax liability should it recognize?

<p>$10,500 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Entity R owns a building that was purchased for $200,000. For accounting purposes, it is depreciated over 10 years, and for tax purposes, over 8 years. The CGT cost base is $240,000. At the end of year 1, the entity expects to sell the asset in year 5. Which factor is most significant in determining the deferred tax implication?

<p>The difference between the carrying amount for accounting purposes and the CGT cost base. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios best describes a situation where the manner of recovery of an asset affects its tax base?

<p>A company can either sell an asset or use it in operations, with different tax implications for each option due to differing cost base calculations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the carrying amount of an asset is $100 and its tax base is $70, what type of temporary difference exists and what does it give rise to?

<p>Taxable temporary difference, giving rise to a deferred tax liability. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to IAS 12, what is the tax base of an asset?

<p>The amount that will be deductible for tax purposes against any taxable economic benefits that will flow to an entity when it recovers the carrying amount of the asset. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does a deductible temporary difference arise?

<p>When the carrying amount of an asset is less than its tax base. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the settlement of a liability is fully tax deductible in the future, what is its tax base?

<p>Zero. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What fundamental principle does IAS 12 recommend entities consider when determining deferred tax assets or liabilities in complex scenarios?

<p>Recognise a deferred tax asset (liability) whenever recovery or settlement of the carrying amount of an asset or liability would make future tax payments smaller (larger) than they would be if such recovery or settlement were to have no tax consequences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios would result in a deferred tax asset?

<p>A deductible temporary difference where future deductions exceed future taxable amounts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When calculating deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities, what factor is multiplied by the temporary difference?

<p>The appropriate tax rate. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what situation does no temporary difference arise?

<p>When the recovery of an asset does not have any future tax consequences, and the carrying amount is equal to the tax base. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a company has a carrying amount for accounts receivable of $50,000 and a tax base of $50,000, and the future recovery of the principal is not taxable, what type of temporary difference exists?

<p>No temporary difference. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For a liability, under what condition does a deductible temporary difference arise?

<p>When the carrying amount is greater than the tax base, due to expected future deductible benefits. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to IAS 12, what is the fundamental principle regarding the accounting for income tax?

<p>Financial statements should reflect the current and future tax consequences of recovering assets and current transactions recognised in financial statements. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A company has already paid more tax than it owes for the current and prior periods. According to IAS 12, how should this be classified in the financial statements?

<p>Current tax asset (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is not a basis of deferred tax assets?

<p>Future taxable income (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes 'tax expense' as presented in the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income?

<p>The aggregate amount included in the determination of profit or loss for the period in respect of current tax and deferred tax. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes deferred tax liabilities?

<p>Amounts of income taxes payable in future periods in respect of taxable temporary differences. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Current Tax Liability

The tax payable to authorities for current and prior periods that is unpaid at year-end.

Current Tax Asset

The amount of tax already paid that exceeds the amount due for current and prior periods.

Deferred Tax Asset

Amounts recoverable in future from tax-related events like deductible temporary differences or unused credits.

Deferred Tax Liability

Amounts payable in future due to taxable temporary differences resulting from current actions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tax Expense

The total amount reflected in profit or loss, combining both current and deferred tax components.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Current Tax

Amount of income taxes payable or recoverable for the taxable profit or loss of the period.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Deferred Tax Expense

Tax expense recognized due to temporary differences between accounting and tax treatment of revenue and expenses.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Current Tax Recognition

The process of recognizing current tax as income or expense in the financial statements.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Taxable Profit Calculation

Determining taxable profit by applying tax laws to current period transactions and events.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Excess Payment Recognition

Excess amount paid over due taxes recognized as an asset.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Carrying Amount

The amount an asset or liability is recognized at in financial statements after depreciation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tax Base

Amount attributed to an asset or liability for tax purposes, like its written-down value.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Temporary Difference

Difference between the carrying amount and tax base of an asset or liability.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Taxable Temporary Difference

Differences that lead to taxable income in future periods when recovering an asset.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Deductible Temporary Difference

Differences that result in amounts deductible in future taxable profits when settled.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Deferred Tax Measurement Steps

Key steps in recognizing and measuring deferred tax assets and liabilities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Future Tax Consequences

The anticipated tax effects from the future recovery of assets or settling liabilities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Deferred Tax Liabilities

Amounts payable in the future that arise from taxable temporary differences.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tax Base of an Asset

The amount deductible for tax when recovering the carrying amount of an asset.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tax Base of a Liability

Carrying amount of a liability minus future deductible amounts.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Determining Tax Base

The process of identifying whether a deferred tax amount arises for assets and liabilities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Recognizing Deferred Taxes

Entities must recognize deferred tax liabilities or assets when recovery changes future tax payments.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Identifying Temporary Differences

Finding differences by comparing carrying amounts and tax bases of items in financial statements.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Reversal of Temporary Differences

Temporary differences that will reverse over future reporting periods.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Deferred Tax Measurement

The process of calculating deferred tax assets and liabilities based on expected recovery or settlement rates.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Substantive Enactment of Tax Rates

Tax rates that have a legal effect even before official enactment, impacting deferred tax calculations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tax Base and Manner of Recovery

The tax base reflects the expected recovery method of an asset or liability which can affect tax calculations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Capital Gains Tax (CGT)

Taxes on the profit from the sale of an asset, affected by different tax bases based on recovery methods.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tax Consequences of Asset Usage

Tax implications can differ based on whether an asset is used or sold, affecting deferred tax calculations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

No Temporary Difference

Occurs when carrying amount equals tax base, resulting in no future tax consequences.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Future Taxable Amounts

Amounts expected to be subject to tax in future periods.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Future Deductible Amounts

Amounts expected to be deductible for tax in future periods.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fundamental Principle of IAS 12

Entity must recognize deferred tax assets/liabilities based on future tax effects of asset/liability recovery.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

IAS 12 Income Taxes - Fundamentals

  • Core Principle: Financial statements reflect current and future tax consequences of asset/liability recovery/settlement and current-period transactions.
  • Tax Consequences in Financial Statements: These are shown as current tax liability, current tax asset, deferred tax asset, deferred tax liability, and tax expense/income.
  • Current Tax Liability: Amount owed to tax authorities for current and prior periods, unpaid at year-end.
  • Current Tax Asset: Sum of tax already paid exceeding the amount due for current and prior periods.
  • Deferred Tax Asset: Future recoverable income taxes, arising from deductible temporary differences (future deductible amounts), unused losses, and unused credits.
  • Deferred Tax Liability: Future payable income taxes, arising from taxable temporary differences (future taxable amounts).
  • Tax Expense (Tax Income): The aggregate of current and deferred tax, impacting profit/loss during a period. Can be negative, signifying tax income.

Tax Expense

  • Composition: Consists of current tax expense and deferred tax expense, calculated separately and then combined.
  • Negative Amounts: Recognition of negative amounts constitutes tax income.

Current Tax

  • Definition: The amount payable (recoverable) in respect to taxable profit (tax loss) for the period.
  • Calculation Steps:
  • Determine the amount expected to be paid/recovered, using enacted/substantively enacted tax rates.
  • Recognize the current tax in profit/loss, OCI, or equity as appropriate.
  • Calculation Approach:
  • Direct: Apply tax laws to current period transactions.
  • Indirect: Adjust accounting profit for accounting/tax differences.
  • Recognition: Generally recognized in profit/loss, except for transactions/events recognized outside profit/loss (OCI or equity). In those cases, current and deferred tax are also recognized outside profit/loss (OCI or equity).

Deferred Tax

  • Definition: Reflects the future tax consequences of asset recovery/liability settlement, distinct from current tax.
  • Calculation Steps:
  • Step 1: Determine the tax base of assets & liabilities
  • Step 2: Compare tax base and carrying amount to identify taxable/deductible temporary differences.
  • Step 3: Measure deferred tax assets/liabilities based on temporary differences.
  • Step 4: Recognize movement of deferred tax assets/liabilities, considering limited exceptions. Step 4 is deferred to a later module

Carrying Amount vs. Tax Base

  • Carrying Amount: Amount an asset/liability is recorded at in the balance sheet (after depreciation/impairment).
  • Tax Base: Amount an asset/liability is valued at for tax purposes (often different from carrying amount due to differences between accounting and tax rules).
  • Temporary Difference: Difference between carrying amount and tax base, indicating future tax implications.
  • Taxable Temporary Difference: Difference leads to future taxable amounts, resulting in a deferred tax liability.
  • Deductible Temporary Difference: Difference leads to future deductible amounts, resulting in a deferred tax asset.

Deferred Tax Assets/Liabilities

  • Deferred Tax Asset: Future recoverable tax amounts, stemming from deductible temporary differences, unused tax losses, or credits.
  • Deferred Tax Liability: Future payable tax amounts, stemming from taxable temporary differences.

Tax Rate Considerations

  • Future Tax Rates: Measurement of deferred tax accounts for expected future rates and tax laws.
  • Substantive Enactment: Tax rates recognised based on announcements having a substantive effect equivalent to enacted rules.
  • Recovery/Settlement Impacts: Method of recovery/settlement impact can influence the tax rate or tax base used in deferred tax calculations.

Additional Considerations

  • Discounting: Deferred tax assets/liabilities are not discounted to present value.
  • Business Combinations: Accounting treatment for tax effects of business combinations detailed in a separate section.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

More Like This

Intermediate Accounting
5 questions

Intermediate Accounting

SensibleAlmandine avatar
SensibleAlmandine
Corporate Income Taxes - Brigham & Ehrhardt 15e
30 questions
IFRIC 23: Uncertainty in Income Taxes
13 questions
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Browser