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Questions and Answers
When amounts recognised under tax expense are negative, how are they described?
When amounts recognised under tax expense are negative, how are they described?
- Negative tax expense
- Deferred tax liabilities
- Current tax liabilities
- Tax income (correct)
What is the primary rationale for recognising 'deferred tax expense,' associated deferred tax assets and liabilities according to IAS 12?
What is the primary rationale for recognising 'deferred tax expense,' associated deferred tax assets and liabilities according to IAS 12?
- To accurately reflect the current tax obligations of the entity.
- To simplify the tax return preparation process.
- To align financial reporting with taxable profit calculations.
- To account for the future tax consequences of recovering or settling the carrying amount of assets and liabilities. (correct)
Which of the following best describes the definition of current tax under IAS 12?
Which of the following best describes the definition of current tax under IAS 12?
- The deferred tax liabilities recognized in the balance sheet.
- The estimated tax payable in future periods.
- The total tax expense, including current and deferred portions.
- The amount of income taxes payable (recoverable) in respect of taxable profit (tax loss) for the period. (correct)
What are the two general approaches for calculating taxable profit (tax loss)?
What are the two general approaches for calculating taxable profit (tax loss)?
Where should current tax be recognised for transactions recognised outside of profit or loss?
Where should current tax be recognised for transactions recognised outside of profit or loss?
What is the final step an entity must undertake when recognising the amount of current tax?
What is the final step an entity must undertake when recognising the amount of current tax?
According to IAS 12, if the amount already paid for current and prior periods exceeds the amount due, how should the excess be treated?
According to IAS 12, if the amount already paid for current and prior periods exceeds the amount due, how should the excess be treated?
What does deferred tax primarily represent?
What does deferred tax primarily represent?
What is the first key step in calculating deferred tax as outlined in Table 4.4?
What is the first key step in calculating deferred tax as outlined in Table 4.4?
What is the definition of 'carrying amount' in the context of IAS 12?
What is the definition of 'carrying amount' in the context of IAS 12?
What is a temporary difference?
What is a temporary difference?
Land has a carrying amount of $900,000 and a tax base of $600,000. What type of temporary difference exists and why?
Land has a carrying amount of $900,000 and a tax base of $600,000. What type of temporary difference exists and why?
An employee benefit liability has a carrying amount of $150,000 and a tax base of $0. What type of temporary difference exists?
An employee benefit liability has a carrying amount of $150,000 and a tax base of $0. What type of temporary difference exists?
What is a deferred tax asset primarily related to?
What is a deferred tax asset primarily related to?
According to IAS 12, when should an entity recognize a deferred tax liability?
According to IAS 12, when should an entity recognize a deferred tax liability?
If economic benefits from recovering an asset will not be taxable, what equals the tax base of the asset?
If economic benefits from recovering an asset will not be taxable, what equals the tax base of the asset?
A company receives rent in advance. For tax purposes, the revenue is recognized when earned. How is the tax base calculated?
A company receives rent in advance. For tax purposes, the revenue is recognized when earned. How is the tax base calculated?
Company A has a current liability with a carrying amount of $1,000 related to expenses that will be deductible for tax purposes when settled. What is the tax base of the liability?
Company A has a current liability with a carrying amount of $1,000 related to expenses that will be deductible for tax purposes when settled. What is the tax base of the liability?
Which of the following best defines a 'temporary difference' for deferred tax purposes?
Which of the following best defines a 'temporary difference' for deferred tax purposes?
What is the first step in determining whether a deferred tax amount arises?
What is the first step in determining whether a deferred tax amount arises?
Research costs are expensed when incurred but are deductible for tax purposes in a later period. How are these costs treated when identifying temporary differences?
Research costs are expensed when incurred but are deductible for tax purposes in a later period. How are these costs treated when identifying temporary differences?
What is the duration of all temporary differences?
What is the duration of all temporary differences?
What is the purpose of using a worksheet format to present the statement of financial position and tax base information?
What is the purpose of using a worksheet format to present the statement of financial position and tax base information?
According to IAS 12, how should deferred tax assets and liabilities be measured?
According to IAS 12, how should deferred tax assets and liabilities be measured?
What is substantive enactment in the context of tax rates, according to IAS 12?
What is substantive enactment in the context of tax rates, according to IAS 12?
Entity Q owns a machine with a carrying amount of $80,000 and a tax base of $50,000. In Entity Q's jurisdiction, the tax rate is 25% if assets are sold, and 35% for income generated through use. If Entity Q expects to recover the asset through use, what deferred tax liability should it recognize?
Entity Q owns a machine with a carrying amount of $80,000 and a tax base of $50,000. In Entity Q's jurisdiction, the tax rate is 25% if assets are sold, and 35% for income generated through use. If Entity Q expects to recover the asset through use, what deferred tax liability should it recognize?
Entity R owns a building that was purchased for $200,000. For accounting purposes, it is depreciated over 10 years, and for tax purposes, over 8 years. The CGT cost base is $240,000. At the end of year 1, the entity expects to sell the asset in year 5. Which factor is most significant in determining the deferred tax implication?
Entity R owns a building that was purchased for $200,000. For accounting purposes, it is depreciated over 10 years, and for tax purposes, over 8 years. The CGT cost base is $240,000. At the end of year 1, the entity expects to sell the asset in year 5. Which factor is most significant in determining the deferred tax implication?
Which of the following scenarios best describes a situation where the manner of recovery of an asset affects its tax base?
Which of the following scenarios best describes a situation where the manner of recovery of an asset affects its tax base?
If the carrying amount of an asset is $100 and its tax base is $70, what type of temporary difference exists and what does it give rise to?
If the carrying amount of an asset is $100 and its tax base is $70, what type of temporary difference exists and what does it give rise to?
According to IAS 12, what is the tax base of an asset?
According to IAS 12, what is the tax base of an asset?
When does a deductible temporary difference arise?
When does a deductible temporary difference arise?
If the settlement of a liability is fully tax deductible in the future, what is its tax base?
If the settlement of a liability is fully tax deductible in the future, what is its tax base?
What fundamental principle does IAS 12 recommend entities consider when determining deferred tax assets or liabilities in complex scenarios?
What fundamental principle does IAS 12 recommend entities consider when determining deferred tax assets or liabilities in complex scenarios?
Which of the following scenarios would result in a deferred tax asset?
Which of the following scenarios would result in a deferred tax asset?
When calculating deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities, what factor is multiplied by the temporary difference?
When calculating deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities, what factor is multiplied by the temporary difference?
In what situation does no temporary difference arise?
In what situation does no temporary difference arise?
If a company has a carrying amount for accounts receivable of $50,000 and a tax base of $50,000, and the future recovery of the principal is not taxable, what type of temporary difference exists?
If a company has a carrying amount for accounts receivable of $50,000 and a tax base of $50,000, and the future recovery of the principal is not taxable, what type of temporary difference exists?
For a liability, under what condition does a deductible temporary difference arise?
For a liability, under what condition does a deductible temporary difference arise?
According to IAS 12, what is the fundamental principle regarding the accounting for income tax?
According to IAS 12, what is the fundamental principle regarding the accounting for income tax?
A company has already paid more tax than it owes for the current and prior periods. According to IAS 12, how should this be classified in the financial statements?
A company has already paid more tax than it owes for the current and prior periods. According to IAS 12, how should this be classified in the financial statements?
Which component is not a basis of deferred tax assets?
Which component is not a basis of deferred tax assets?
What constitutes 'tax expense' as presented in the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income?
What constitutes 'tax expense' as presented in the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income?
Which of the following describes deferred tax liabilities?
Which of the following describes deferred tax liabilities?
Flashcards
Current Tax Liability
Current Tax Liability
The tax payable to authorities for current and prior periods that is unpaid at year-end.
Current Tax Asset
Current Tax Asset
The amount of tax already paid that exceeds the amount due for current and prior periods.
Deferred Tax Asset
Deferred Tax Asset
Amounts recoverable in future from tax-related events like deductible temporary differences or unused credits.
Deferred Tax Liability
Deferred Tax Liability
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Tax Expense
Tax Expense
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Current Tax
Current Tax
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Deferred Tax Expense
Deferred Tax Expense
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Current Tax Recognition
Current Tax Recognition
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Taxable Profit Calculation
Taxable Profit Calculation
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Excess Payment Recognition
Excess Payment Recognition
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Carrying Amount
Carrying Amount
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Tax Base
Tax Base
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Temporary Difference
Temporary Difference
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Taxable Temporary Difference
Taxable Temporary Difference
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Deductible Temporary Difference
Deductible Temporary Difference
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Deferred Tax Measurement Steps
Deferred Tax Measurement Steps
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Future Tax Consequences
Future Tax Consequences
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Deferred Tax Liabilities
Deferred Tax Liabilities
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Tax Base of an Asset
Tax Base of an Asset
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Tax Base of a Liability
Tax Base of a Liability
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Determining Tax Base
Determining Tax Base
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Recognizing Deferred Taxes
Recognizing Deferred Taxes
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Identifying Temporary Differences
Identifying Temporary Differences
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Reversal of Temporary Differences
Reversal of Temporary Differences
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Deferred Tax Measurement
Deferred Tax Measurement
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Substantive Enactment of Tax Rates
Substantive Enactment of Tax Rates
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Tax Base and Manner of Recovery
Tax Base and Manner of Recovery
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Capital Gains Tax (CGT)
Capital Gains Tax (CGT)
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Tax Consequences of Asset Usage
Tax Consequences of Asset Usage
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No Temporary Difference
No Temporary Difference
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Future Taxable Amounts
Future Taxable Amounts
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Future Deductible Amounts
Future Deductible Amounts
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Fundamental Principle of IAS 12
Fundamental Principle of IAS 12
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Study Notes
IAS 12 Income Taxes - Fundamentals
- Core Principle: Financial statements reflect current and future tax consequences of asset/liability recovery/settlement and current-period transactions.
- Tax Consequences in Financial Statements: These are shown as current tax liability, current tax asset, deferred tax asset, deferred tax liability, and tax expense/income.
- Current Tax Liability: Amount owed to tax authorities for current and prior periods, unpaid at year-end.
- Current Tax Asset: Sum of tax already paid exceeding the amount due for current and prior periods.
- Deferred Tax Asset: Future recoverable income taxes, arising from deductible temporary differences (future deductible amounts), unused losses, and unused credits.
- Deferred Tax Liability: Future payable income taxes, arising from taxable temporary differences (future taxable amounts).
- Tax Expense (Tax Income): The aggregate of current and deferred tax, impacting profit/loss during a period. Can be negative, signifying tax income.
Tax Expense
- Composition: Consists of current tax expense and deferred tax expense, calculated separately and then combined.
- Negative Amounts: Recognition of negative amounts constitutes tax income.
Current Tax
- Definition: The amount payable (recoverable) in respect to taxable profit (tax loss) for the period.
- Calculation Steps:
- Determine the amount expected to be paid/recovered, using enacted/substantively enacted tax rates.
- Recognize the current tax in profit/loss, OCI, or equity as appropriate.
- Calculation Approach:
- Direct: Apply tax laws to current period transactions.
- Indirect: Adjust accounting profit for accounting/tax differences.
- Recognition: Generally recognized in profit/loss, except for transactions/events recognized outside profit/loss (OCI or equity). In those cases, current and deferred tax are also recognized outside profit/loss (OCI or equity).
Deferred Tax
- Definition: Reflects the future tax consequences of asset recovery/liability settlement, distinct from current tax.
- Calculation Steps:
- Step 1: Determine the tax base of assets & liabilities
- Step 2: Compare tax base and carrying amount to identify taxable/deductible temporary differences.
- Step 3: Measure deferred tax assets/liabilities based on temporary differences.
- Step 4: Recognize movement of deferred tax assets/liabilities, considering limited exceptions. Step 4 is deferred to a later module
Carrying Amount vs. Tax Base
- Carrying Amount: Amount an asset/liability is recorded at in the balance sheet (after depreciation/impairment).
- Tax Base: Amount an asset/liability is valued at for tax purposes (often different from carrying amount due to differences between accounting and tax rules).
- Temporary Difference: Difference between carrying amount and tax base, indicating future tax implications.
- Taxable Temporary Difference: Difference leads to future taxable amounts, resulting in a deferred tax liability.
- Deductible Temporary Difference: Difference leads to future deductible amounts, resulting in a deferred tax asset.
Deferred Tax Assets/Liabilities
- Deferred Tax Asset: Future recoverable tax amounts, stemming from deductible temporary differences, unused tax losses, or credits.
- Deferred Tax Liability: Future payable tax amounts, stemming from taxable temporary differences.
Tax Rate Considerations
- Future Tax Rates: Measurement of deferred tax accounts for expected future rates and tax laws.
- Substantive Enactment: Tax rates recognised based on announcements having a substantive effect equivalent to enacted rules.
- Recovery/Settlement Impacts: Method of recovery/settlement impact can influence the tax rate or tax base used in deferred tax calculations.
Additional Considerations
- Discounting: Deferred tax assets/liabilities are not discounted to present value.
- Business Combinations: Accounting treatment for tax effects of business combinations detailed in a separate section.
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