Module 4 - L3

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Questions and Answers

According to IAS 12, when might a temporary difference arise when an asset is revalued?

  • Only when the revaluation results in a decrease in the asset's carrying amount.
  • When the tax base of the asset is not adjusted, or it is adjusted by an amount that differs from the amount by which the asset was revalued. (correct)
  • When the tax base of the asset is adjusted by the same amount as the change in the carrying amount.
  • Temporary differences never arise when an asset is revalued.

When an asset is revalued upwards and the tax base remains unchanged, what type of temporary difference typically arises?

  • Deductible temporary difference, giving rise to a deferred tax asset.
  • Taxable temporary difference, giving rise to a deferred tax liability. (correct)
  • No temporary difference arises.
  • A permanent difference which does not impact deferred taxes.

How do temporary differences impact the recognition of deferred tax assets or liabilities?

  • Temporary differences give rise to deferred tax assets or deferred tax liabilities. (correct)
  • Temporary differences are directly added to current tax expense.
  • Temporary differences have no impact on deferred tax assets or liabilities.
  • Temporary differences are only relevant for current tax calculations, not deferred taxes.

What is the effect on deferred tax if the tax base of a revalued asset is adjusted by a different amount than the revaluation increase?

<p>A temporary difference arises, affecting deferred tax assets or liabilities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under IFRS, what happens if an asset's tax base and carrying amount are both $100 before an upward revaluation?

<p>No temporary difference exists initially. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When the tax base of an asset is adjusted to reflect its revalued amount, what is the immediate impact on temporary differences?

<p>No temporary difference arises. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When an entity purchases an asset, what is generally the initial relationship between the asset's tax base and its cost?

<p>The tax base is often equal to the initial cost. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does claiming tax depreciation each period affect the tax base of an asset over time?

<p>It reduces the tax base, reflecting the amount already claimed as a tax deduction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When the carrying amount of a revalued asset is expected to be recovered through use, how is the tax base affected by the revaluation?

<p>The tax base is not affected by the revaluation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What gives rise to a taxable temporary difference when a revalued asset is used to provide goods and services?

<p>The difference between the expected future taxable income (revalued carrying amount) and the tax base. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an entity expects to recover the carrying amount of an asset by using it, where is the deferred tax relating to the revaluation recognized according to IAS 12?

<p>Entirely in other comprehensive income (OCI). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an asset had not been revalued, where would the deferred tax liability be recognized?

<p>Entirely in profit or loss. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When an entity expects to recover the carrying amount by selling the asset, what is the general tax treatment of proceeds that reflect recovered tax depreciation?

<p>They are taxable to the extent that they reflect tax depreciation recovered. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the proceeds from the sale of an asset generally divided?

<p>Into a capital gain component and a recovery of cost component. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an asset is sold for its revalued amount, and capital gains tax applies, on what amount is the capital gains tax calculated?

<p>The excess of the sale proceeds over the capital gains tax cost base. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a regime where there is no capital gains tax, how are the sale proceeds in excess of the initial cost treated?

<p>They are exempt from income tax. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the tax base and carrying amount of an asset after it is sold?

<p>They are both reduced to zero. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial tax base of an asset when an entity first purchases it?

<p>Often equal to the initial cost (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When an entity expects to recover the carrying amount of an asset through sale and capital gains taxes are not applicable, what primarily gives rise to a taxable temporary difference?

<p>The difference between the expected future taxable income from the sale and future tax deductions claimed as tax depreciation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a scenario where capital gains tax applies, what components make up the $150 sales proceeds from an asset that has been revalued to $150?

<p>A taxable capital gain component of $30, an exempt capital gain component of $20, and recovery of the original cost of $100. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When capital gains taxes are applicable and an entity expects to recover the carrying amount of an asset through sale, what two components together make up the future taxable income?

<p>Taxable capital gain and the asset's initial cost. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the expected manner of recovering the carrying amount of an asset affect the deferred tax liability?

<p>It affects the tax rate applied to calculate the deferred tax liability. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key implication of IAS 12 paragraph 51B regarding a non-depreciable asset revalued according to IAS 16?

<p>The tax consequences are based on the sale of the asset. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A piece of land with a cost of $100 is revalued to $150. If the tax rate applicable to sale is 20%, and the tax rate applicable to use is 30%, what tax rate is used to calculate the deferred tax liability?

<p>20%, since land is non-depreciable. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A piece of land with a cost of $100 is revalued to $150. If tax rate applicable from sale is 20%. What is the deferred tax liability?

<p>$10 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When the carrying amount is expected to be recovered by using the asset and capital gains taxes are not applicable, the entity is likely to generate future taxable income through sale equal to the _________.

<p>initial cost (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When the carrying amount is expected to be recovered by using the asset and capital gains taxes are not applicable, the future amount deductible against that taxable income is the_________.

<p>tax deductions that were not yet claimed as tax depreciation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When the carrying amount is expected to be recovered by selling the asset and capital gains taxes are applicable, the entity is likely to generate future taxable income through sale equal to the taxable capital gain component of _________ the initial cost.

<p>plus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When an asset is revalued upwards and the tax base is adjusted by the same amount, what is the impact on temporary differences?

<p>No temporary difference arises. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a tax jurisdiction does not allow the tax deduction to be altered in response to a revaluation, how is the taxable temporary difference calculated?

<p>The difference between the revalued carrying amount and the unadjusted tax base. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When the carrying amount is expected to be recovered by selling the asset and capital gains taxes are applicable, the future amount deductible against that taxable income is the _________.

<p>tax deductions that were not yet claimed as tax depreciation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to IAS 12, how should current or deferred tax be recognized when it relates to items credited or charged directly to equity?

<p>Directly in equity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where should a revaluation increase be recognized, according to IAS 16?

<p>In other comprehensive income (OCI) and accumulated in equity as a revaluation surplus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In relation to a non-depreciable asset revalued, the tax consequences to consider (including the tax rates to apply to calculate the deferred tax) are those that would follow from the recovery of the carrying amount of that asset through _________.

<p>sale (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An asset is revalued upwards by $80, and the tax rate is 30%. If the revaluation increase is recognized in OCI, what is the amount of deferred tax liability to be recognized?

<p>$24 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the after-tax amount of a revaluation increase of $80, recognized in the revaluation surplus, if the deferred tax liability is $24?

<p>$56 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For a non-depreciable asset, the rate that is applicable when calculating any deferred tax implications is the tax from _________.

<p>sale (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an entity transfers a portion of the revaluation surplus to retained earnings as the revalued assets are used, how does IAS 12 specify the amount should be transferred?

<p>The amount transferred is net of any related deferred tax. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis for calculating the tax base, according to IAS 12 paragraph 51, when determining temporary differences related to assets and liabilities?

<p>How the entity expects to recover or settle the carrying amounts of its assets and liabilities at the end of the reporting period. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A depreciable asset is revalued to $150. Immediately before revaluation, its carrying amount was $80, and the tax written-down value was $70. What is the temporary difference if the asset is expected to be recovered through use?

<p>$80 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the principle adopted by IAS 12 for accounting for the tax effects of a transaction?

<p>Accounting for tax should be consistent with the accounting treatment of the transaction or event itself. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate accounting treatment for a revaluation increase that reverses a previous decrement recognized in profit or loss?

<p>Recognize the increase in profit or loss up to the amount of the previous decrement, with any excess recognized in OCI. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to paragraph 41 of IAS 16, what option is offered to entities regarding the revaluation surplus?

<p>Entities have the option to transfer to retained earnings a part of the revaluation surplus as the revalued assets are used. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a jurisdiction where the tax treatment differs between assets held for use and assets held for sale, what impact does this have on the temporary difference arising from a revaluation?

<p>The tax base and related temporary differences may differ based on the expected method of generating future economic benefits from the asset. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect on the financial statements of recognizing a deferred tax liability related to a revaluation increase?

<p>Decreases other comprehensive income and increases total liabilities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If cumulative depreciation of $30 was previously allowed for tax purposes, what happens when an asset is revalued upwards?

<p>The tax written-down value of $70 (cost of $100 less $30 cumulative depreciation previously allowed for tax purposes) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under IAS 12, how should deferred tax related to items recognized in other comprehensive income (OCI) be treated?

<p>Recognized in other comprehensive income. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to IAS 12, what should deferred tax assets and liabilities be measured using?

<p>The enacted tax rates expected to apply when the asset is realized or the liability is settled. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When an asset is revalued, and the tax base of the asset is adjusted by the same amount as the change in the carrying amount, what is the result?

<p>No temporary difference arises. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the revaluation of an asset is recognized in OCI, where is the related deferred tax recognized?

<p>In other comprehensive income. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of the presentation and disclosure requirements of IAS 12?

<p>To provide information allowing users to evaluate the impact of current and deferred tax on the entity's financial position and performance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to IAS 1, how should deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities be presented in the statement of financial position?

<p>As separate line items, and not classified as current. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a required disclosure under IAS 12?

<p>The names and addresses of the entity's tax advisors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When measuring deferred tax liabilities and assets, an entity should consider:

<p>The tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

ABC Ltd. has a machine with a carrying amount of $500,000 and a tax base of $300,000. The applicable tax rate is 25%. What is the amount of the deferred tax liability?

<p>$50,000 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct accounting treatment for revaluation surplus?

<p>Recognize it as a credit to OCI and accumulated in equity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

ABC Ltd. has unused tax losses of $1,000,000. They believe it is probable that future taxable profits will be available to utilize $600,000 of these losses. The tax rate is 30%. What amount of deferred tax asset should be recognized?

<p>$180,000 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the provided text, what is a taxable or deductible temporary difference?

<p>It arises when the tax base is not adjusted or adjusted differently from the asset's revaluation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

ABC Ltd. has a current tax liability of $191,500 in 20X1. Where is this amount presented in the financial statements?

<p>As a separate line item within current liabilities in the statement of financial position. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Example 4.16, ABC Ltd. recognizes a receivable of $100,000 for accrued interest revenue, which is taxable when received in cash. How does this impact the deferred taxes?

<p>It creates a taxable temporary difference. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

ABC Ltd. incurred a statutory fine of $50,000 for violating environmental laws. This fine is non-deductible for tax purposes. How should this fine be treated?

<p>It is a permanent difference and does not affect deferred taxes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what conditions can current tax assets and liabilities be presented as a single net amount in the statement of financial position?

<p>When the entity has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts and intends to settle on a net basis, or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical factor in deciding whether to recognize a deferred tax asset related to unused tax losses?

<p>The probability that future taxable profit will be available against which the tax losses can be utilized. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to IAS 12, what information about deductible temporary differences and unused tax losses must be disclosed in the notes to the financial statements when no deferred tax asset is recognized?

<p>The amount and expiry date (if any) of deductible temporary differences, unused tax losses, and unused tax credits. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of the presentation and disclosure requirements within IAS 12 concerning income taxes?

<p>To enable users of financial statements to understand and assess the impact of current and deferred tax on the entity's financial position and performance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When can deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities be offset in the statement of financial position?

<p>When the entity has a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets and liabilities, and the deferred items relate to income taxes levied by the same authority. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific explanation must be provided in the notes to the financial statements regarding the relationship between accounting profit and tax expense (income)?

<p>A reconciliation or explanation of the relationship between accounting profit and tax expense (income). (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might a deferred tax liability not be recognised on the unremitted earnings of subsidiaries?

<p>Because the amounts are not expected to be significant and the group controls when and if the deferred tax liability arises. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of unused tax losses not being recognized as a deferred tax asset?

<p>The company does not expect to generate sufficient taxable profit in the future to utilize the losses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers a deferred tax liability related to translating financial statements of a group's subsidiaries?

<p>The disposal of a subsidiary. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential benefit of implementing technologies like Ernst & Young’s Automated Ledger Review Tool in the context of income tax reporting?

<p>It allows entities to capture and present tax-related information more efficiently, accurately, and with a higher level of compliance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What component decreases the current tax expense according to the reconciliation of accounting profit?

<p>Previously unrecognised tax losses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the relationship between tax expense and accounting profit?

<p>An explanation of the relationship must be provided in the financial statements. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the reconciliation process, what is the first step mentioned?

<p>Determine taxable profit from accounting profit. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is generally added to the accounting profit to arrive at taxable profit?

<p>Non-deductible expenses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the prima facie tax rate used in the examples provided?

<p>30% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component can cause a difference between accounting profit and taxable income?

<p>Temporary differences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the deferred tax expense related to tax benefits from prior unrecognised tax losses calculated?

<p>It decreases current tax expense. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of local tax rate changes on total income tax expense?

<p>They can increase total income tax expense. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be included in the related notes to the financial statements concerning tax expense?

<p>A reconciliation between accounting profit and taxable profit. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to tax computed at the standard tax rate applied to accounting profit before tax?

<p>Prima facie tax (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a liability relating to deferred tax?

<p>Deferred tax liability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered when determining the relationship between tax expense and profit?

<p>Both current tax and deferred tax expenses. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what conditions can current tax assets and liabilities be presented as a single net amount?

<p>When the entity intends to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the required disclosure for the components of tax expense in financial statements?

<p>Disclose the major components of tax expense separately. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which line item reflects the combined tax outcomes for current and deferred taxes?

<p>Total income tax expense. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key condition must be met for deferred tax assets and liabilities to be offset?

<p>They must be from the same taxation authority. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which expense was added to the taxable profit for the year ended 30 June 20Y0?

<p>Statutory fines. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the deferred tax liability on the statement of financial position represent?

<p>Future tax payable due to timing differences. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is income tax expense presented in the profit and loss statement according to IAS 1?

<p>As one total line item. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following items should NOT be added back to accounting profit to arrive at taxable profit?

<p>Statutory fines. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for the reconciliation of tax expense and accounting profit according to IAS 12?

<p>A numerical reconciliation between tax expense and the product of accounting profit multiplied by applicable tax rate. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is included in the presentation of deferred tax assets and liabilities?

<p>The amount of deferred tax income or expense recognized in profit or loss. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the reconciliation of tax expense to accounting profit, what is the tax impact of non-deductible expenses likely to cause?

<p>An increase in the tax expense. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What basis is required for the calculation of applicable tax rates in reconciliations?

<p>The notional income tax rate used in calculations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be disclosed regarding unrecognized deferred tax assets and liabilities?

<p>The amount and expiry date of deductible temporary differences. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Regarding deferred tax liabilities for property, plant, and equipment, what does a negative figure indicate?

<p>Increased tax liability for that category. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the fundamental purposes of presenting information about temporary differences?

<p>To allow users to understand recognized deferred tax assets and liabilities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under IAS 12, what is the significance of presenting both applicable and effective tax rates?

<p>To allow detailed comparisons and insights into tax management. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should the tax effect of non-deductible expenses be calculated for reconciliation?

<p>By applying the applicable tax rate to the amount of non-deductible expenses. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which item is NOT typically a temporary difference leading to deferred tax?

<p>Current year’s profit. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the average effective tax rate represent in financial reporting?

<p>The total income tax expense relative to accounting profit. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it considered important to understand the nature of each type of temporary difference?

<p>To assess recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Fair Value

The price at which an asset would sell in an orderly transaction between market participants.

Tax Base

The amount attributed to an asset or liability for tax purposes, used to determine taxable income.

Temporary Difference

The difference between the carrying amount of an asset or liability and its tax base.

Carrying Amount

The value of an asset as recognized on the balance sheet after accounting adjustments.

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OCI (Other Comprehensive Income)

Income that is not reported in net income but affects equity, such as revaluation surpluses.

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Revaluation Surplus

An increase in the carrying amount of an asset recognized in equity under OCI.

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Deferred Tax Liability

A tax obligation that arises due to taxable temporary differences.

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Tax Rate

The percentage at which an entity's income is taxed by the government.

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IAS 12

An International Accounting Standard that prescribes how to account for income taxes.

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Current Tax

The amount of income tax payable (or receivable) for the current reporting period.

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Revaluation Increase Accounting

Recognition of a revaluation increase in OCI and as a surplus to equity.

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Recovering Asset Value

The method by which an entity expects to benefit from its assets, either through use or sale.

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Tax Deduction Adjustment

Change in tax base due to accounting revaluation or other adjustments in recognized income.

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Transfer to Retained Earnings

Transferring a part of the revaluation surplus to retained earnings as assets are used.

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Depreciation Difference

The difference in depreciation calculated on a revalued asset compared to its original cost.

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Revalued Amounts

The fair value of an asset after revaluation minus accumulated depreciation.

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Taxable Temporary Difference

A difference leading to higher taxable income in the future.

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Illustrative Examples

Examples provided in IFRS to clarify accounting standards application.

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Capital Gains Tax Cost Base

The future taxable amount if an asset is recovered by sale, exemplified as $120.

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Recovery of Carrying Amount

The process of retrieving the value of an asset, either by sale or use.

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Capital Gain

The profit from selling an asset when the sale price exceeds its cost.

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Tax Base of an Asset

The amount deductible for tax when recovering an asset’s carrying amount.

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Tax Written-Down Amount

The tax base of an asset after accounting for depreciations claimed over time.

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Capital Gains Tax Applies

A scenario where the tax is due on the profit from selling an asset above its cost base.

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Sale Proceeds

The total amount received from selling an asset.

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Tax Depreciation

The process of deducting an asset's depreciation from taxable income.

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Initial Cost of Asset

The original purchase price of an asset before any depreciations or claims.

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Exemption from Income Tax

A situation where certain earnings, like capital gains, are not subject to tax.

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Income Tax Rate on Sale

The percentage of tax applied to earnings from the sale of an asset.

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Recovery of Cost

The process of recouping the initial expense of an asset through sale or usage.

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Capital Gains Tax

A tax on the profit from the sale of an asset that has appreciated in value.

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Tax Deductions

Expenses that can be subtracted from total income to reduce taxable income.

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Revaluation of Assets

The process of adjusting the carrying amount of an asset to its fair value.

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Cost Base for Capital Gains

The original value of an asset used to calculate capital gains tax when sold.

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Tax Rate for Sale

The percentage of income derived from the sale of an asset that will be taxed.

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Expected Manner of Recovery

The anticipated method (sale or use) through which the carrying amount of an asset will be recovered.

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Non-Depreciable Asset

An asset that does not lose value over time, hence does not depreciate for tax purposes.

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Future Deductible Amounts

Expenses planned to be deducted from future taxable income.

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Example of Deferred Tax Liability

A specific case showing how temporary differences create future tax obligations.

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Tax Expense Reconciliation

A method to explain the relationship between tax expense and accounting profit.

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Numerical Reconciliation Method 1

Shows tax expense against accounting profit multiplied by the tax rate.

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Numerical Reconciliation Method 2

Compares average effective tax rate to applicable tax rate.

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Deferred Tax Assets

Tax benefits from future deductions that are recognized in value.

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Deferred Tax Liabilities

Tax obligations due to temporary differences, recognized as deferred.

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Applicable Tax Rate

The standard tax rate applied to compute taxes on profit.

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Effective Tax Rate

Actual tax rate paid, often differing from the applicable tax rate.

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Statutory Fines

Fines not deductible in computing taxable profit, impacting tax expense.

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Unrecognised Deferred Tax Assets

Tax losses or credits not yet acknowledged in financials.

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Forecasted Tax Losses

Predicted losses that cannot be used to record deferred tax assets.

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Profit or Loss Statement

Financial statement showing income and expenses with tax effects included.

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Tax Effect of Expenses

Impact of non-deductible expenses on overall tax calculation.

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Financial Position Statement

Statement representing the financial health including tax liabilities and assets.

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IAS 12 Requirements

Mandates disclosures of tax information in financial reporting.

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Accounting Profit Before Tax

The total profit before accounting for tax expenses based on accounting standards.

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Taxable Profit

The profit on which tax is calculated, may differ from accounting profit due to adjustments.

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Current Tax Payable

The amount of tax an entity owes to the tax authority for the current period based on taxable profit.

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Offsetting Tax Assets and Liabilities

Combining current tax assets and liabilities into a single net amount in financial statements when certain criteria are met.

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Major Components of Tax Expense

The different elements that make up total tax expense, disclosed separately in financial statements.

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Current Tax Expense

Tax incurred based on taxable income for the current period, reported as tax expense.

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Deferred Tax Expense

Tax consequences of temporary differences that impact the future tax payable.

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Income Tax Expense Disclosure

The requirement to show major components of income tax in financial statements for clarity.

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Tax Credits

Amounts that can reduce tax liabilities, often linked to specific expenditures or policy incentives.

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Adjustments to Current Tax Expense

Changes made to the tax expense that relate to prior periods, which can increase or decrease current liabilities.

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OCI

Other Comprehensive Income; items not recognized in the profit or loss.

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Tax expense

The total amount of tax that an entity incurs, including current tax and deferred tax.

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Presentation requirements

Rules that dictate how financial information should be displayed in financial statements.

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Recognition criteria

Conditions that must be met for a tax asset or liability to be recorded.

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Equity recognition

The process of recording gains or losses directly in equity rather than profit or loss.

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Tax loss

A loss that can be carried forward to reduce taxable income in future years.

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Unused tax credits

Tax credits that have not been utilized and may not meet recognition criteria.

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Tax on Taxable Profit

The actual tax amount that needs to be paid based on taxable income.

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Tax Benefit from Unrecognized Losses

Reduction in tax expense due to previously unrecognized tax losses being utilized.

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Accounting Profit

Total profit before tax is taken into account for financial reporting.

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Relationship between Tax Expense and Accounting Profit

The connection between taxes paid and the company’s reported profit.

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Reconciliation Process

Steps taken to explain the differences between accounting profit and taxable profit.

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Prima Facie Tax

The estimated tax based on the statutory tax rate applied to accounting profit.

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Non-Deductible Expenses

Expenses that cannot be deducted from taxable income.

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Foreign Earnings Tax

Tax applied to earnings from international operations at non-standard rates.

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Underprovision in Prior Period

Adjustment for previously underestimated tax liabilities.

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Unused Tax Losses

Tax losses that are not utilized in the current period, which can be carried forward to offset future taxable income.

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Withholding Tax

Taxes that must be paid when profits are distributed to shareholders in foreign countries.

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IAS 12 Compliance

The requirement to disclose tax-related information in a way that helps users understand the impact on financial statements.

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Components of Tax Expense

Major parts that make up the total tax expense, including current tax and deferred tax.

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Net Tax Position

The combined total of current tax assets and liabilities, presented as a single net amount.

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Tax Expense Relationship

An explanation of how tax expense correlates to accounting profit in financial statements.

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Study Notes

Revalued Asset Considerations

  • Revalued assets are carried at fair value, less accumulated depreciation/impairment.
  • Temporary differences arise if the tax base isn't adjusted equally.
  • If the tax base is adjusted, no temporary difference arises.
  • Revaluation impacts deferred tax(liability/asset) recognition.

Revaluation Effects

  • An upward revaluation (e.g., from 100to100 to 100to180) creates no temporary difference if the tax base is adjusted correspondingly.
  • If the tax base remains unchanged, a temporary difference (taxable) results.

Deferred Tax Recognition on Revaluation

  • Deferred tax impacts are consistent with the accounting treatment.
  • Recognition is in Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) if the revaluation is in OCI.
  • If in equity, deferred tax also goes in equity.

Recovery of Revalued Assets

  • Tax base calculation considers expected recovery methods (use or sale).
  • Use: Future taxable income equals revalued amount; future deductible = tax written-down amount.
  • Sale: Capital gains tax applies; proceeds taxable above initial cost/tax cost base.

Non-Depreciable Asset Recovery

  • For non-depreciable assets, tax consequences follow the sale method.

Financial Statement Presentation

  • Current and deferred tax assets/liabilities are separate line items in the statement of financial position.
  • IAS 1 prohibits deferred tax as current assets/liabilities.
  • Current tax amounts can be net when there's a legal right and net settlement intent.
  • Deferred tax amounts are net if a shared tax authority.

Major Components of Tax Expense

  • Major components of tax expense are disclosed separately, usually in the notes.
  • Components include current tax adjustments, deferred tax adjustments, and temp. diff adjustments.

Relationship Between Tax Expense and Accounting Profit

  • IAS 12 requires a reconciliation between tax expense (tax income) and accounting profit.
  • Explains differences and impacts on both accounting and tax treatment.

Temporary Difference Information

  • Disclosure requirements for each temporary difference type include recognised amounts in the statement of financial position and income statement effects.
  • Amounts of deferred tax assets/liabilities for each temporary difference are necessary.
  • Unrecognised deferred tax assets are also disclosed, including unused tax losses/credits.

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