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Questions and Answers

Do I need to update my alias records to enable IPv6 when using Route 53?

Yes, you can create Route 53 alias records to support both IPv4 and IPv6.

How will I be charged for my use of Amazon CloudFront?

Charges are based on Data Transfer Out, HTTP/HTTPS Requests, Invalidation Requests, and Dedicated IP Custom SSL certificates.

Are the prices for AWS services inclusive of taxes?

No, prices are exclusive of applicable taxes and duties.

How am I charged for 304 responses in Amazon CloudFront?

<p>You will be charged for the HTTP/HTTPS request and the Data Transfer Out to Internet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors influence how you are charged for Amazon CloudFront?

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can you do to lower the prices you pay to deliver content using Amazon CloudFront?

<p>Use Price Classes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Does Amazon CloudFront offer a Service Level Agreement (SLA)?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can I use the AWS Management Console with Amazon CloudFront?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What tools and libraries work with Amazon CloudFront?

<p>A variety of tools for managing the distribution and libraries for various programming languages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can I point my zone apex at my Amazon CloudFront distribution?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is regional edge cache feature enabled by default?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

How accurate is your GeoIP database?

<p>99.8%</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is Amazon CloudFront PCI compliant?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is Amazon CloudFront HIPAA eligible?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is Amazon CloudFront SOC compliant?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Does Amazon CloudFront cache POST responses?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are WebSockets?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Does Amazon CloudFront support secured WebSockets over TLS?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can I deliver content over HTTPS using my own domain name?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Field-Level Encryption?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can Amazon CloudFront protect my web applications from DDoS attacks?

<p>Yes, using AWS Shield Standard.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of HTTP requests are supported by Amazon CloudFront?

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between SNI Custom SSL and Dedicated IP Custom SSL of Amazon CloudFront?

<p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can I add or modify request headers forwarded to the origin?

<p>Yes, you can configure Amazon CloudFront to add custom headers or override the value of existing headers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Amazon CloudFront handle HTTP cookies?

<p>Amazon CloudFront supports delivery of dynamic content using HTTP cookies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Amazon CloudFront handle query string parameters in the URL?

<p>A query string may be configured to be part of the cache key.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is there a limit to the number of query parameters that can be whitelisted?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the supported parameter types in Amazon CloudFront?

<p>URI query parameters as defined in RFC3986.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Does CloudFront support gzip compression?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is streaming?

<p>Streaming refers to delivering audio and video without downloading the media file prior to playback.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Does Amazon CloudFront support video-on-demand (VOD) streaming protocols?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can I use Amazon CloudFront if I expect usage peaks higher than 10 Gbps?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is there a limit to the number of distributions my Amazon CloudFront account may deliver?

<p>Yes, for the current limit, refer to Amazon CloudFront Limits in the AWS General Reference.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum size of a file that can be delivered through Amazon CloudFront?

<p>20 GB.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can I get access to request logs for content delivered through Amazon CloudFront?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Does Amazon CloudFront offer ready-to-use reports for usage analysis?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can I tag my distributions?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can I get a history of all Amazon CloudFront API calls for auditing?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Do you have options for monitoring and alarming metrics in real time?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Lambda@Edge?

<p>Lambda@Edge allows you to run code at global AWS edge locations without managing servers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What events can be triggered with Amazon CloudFront?

<p>Viewer request, viewer response, origin request, and origin response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is IPv6?

<p>IPv6 is a new version of the Internet Protocol with a larger address space than IPv4.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Should I expect a change in Amazon CloudFront performance when using IPv6?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Are there any Amazon CloudFront features that will not work with IPv6?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

If I want to use IPv6, can I use Trusted Signer URLs with IP whitelist?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can I disable IPv6 for all my new distributions?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Are there any reasons why I would want to disable IPv6?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should I do if I enabled IPv6 for my distribution but cannot get DNS to return any IPv6 addresses?

<p>Check if the network has IPv6 connectivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Amazon CloudFront Overview

  • Amazon CloudFront has a Service Level Agreement (SLA) which provides service credits for uptime below their commitment.
  • Users can manage Amazon CloudFront through the AWS Management Console without writing code, enabling low latency delivery for web content.

Tools and Libraries

  • Various management tools and programming language libraries are available through the Amazon CloudFront resource center.
  • Domain apex mapping (e.g., example.com) to CloudFront is done via Amazon Route 53 with Alias records, without extra charge for queries.

Regional Edge Cache

  • Regional Edge Caches are strategically placed to enhance performance and reduce operational costs by keeping more content closer to end users.
  • This caching layer is enabled by default in all CloudFront distributions and incurs no additional charges.

Geo Restriction and Content Control

  • Geo Restriction allows content access based on the viewer's location, with 403 Forbidden status for restricted countries.
  • The accuracy of the CloudFront GeoIP database is reported to be 99.8%.

Custom Error Messages and Cache Control

  • Custom error messages can be configured for various HTTP errors to align with branding.
  • By default, files in edge locations are checked for updates every 24 hours unless cache control headers specify otherwise.

Invalidation Requests

  • Invalidation can remove files from edge locations; 3,000 invalidation requests are allowed concurrently per distribution.
  • Exceeding invalidation limits will prompt an error response until existing requests are completed.

Compliance Standards

  • Amazon CloudFront meets PCI DSS Merchant Level 1 compliance and is HIPAA eligible with a Business Associate Agreement (BAA).
  • It complies with SOC (System & Organization Control) measures, with reports available through AWS Artifact.

HTTP and WebSocket Support

  • Supported HTTP methods include GET, HEAD, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE, and OPTIONS.
  • WebSocket protocol connections are established automatically with no additional configuration needed.

Security and Encryption

  • HTTPS delivery can utilize custom domain names and SSL certificates via SNI or Dedicated IP models, with SNI available at no additional cost.
  • Field-Level Encryption safeguards sensitive user data during uploads to the origin server and enhances security against internal access risks.

Content Delivery and Access Control

  • CloudFront provides private content delivery with secure request signing to restrict file access.
  • AWS Shield Standard is included to protect against common DDoS attacks, with AWS WAF available for custom security rules.
  • Custom request headers can be added or modified when forwarding to the origin server for validation and request distinction.
  • CloudFront can forward HTTP cookies for personalized content delivery and can log cookie values in access logs. Query string parameters can also be included in cache keys for dynamic content.### Query Parameters and Caching
  • Amazon CloudFront allows specific query parameters to be used in cache keys through a whitelist feature.
  • Up to 10 query parameters can be whitelisted for cache key configuration.
  • Supported parameter types include URI query parameters as defined in RFC3986, specifically after the '?' character and separated by '&'.

Compression and Data Delivery

  • CloudFront supports automatic gzip compression for text and binary data.
  • Clients must include the Accept-Encoding: gzip header for compression to function.
  • Streaming delivers audio and video without prior downloading, utilizing technologies like HLS, MPEG-DASH, HDS, and Smooth Streaming.

Video Streaming Protocols

  • CloudFront supports on-demand video streaming for formats like HLS and MPEG-DASH, requiring conversion via AWS Elemental MediaConvert before being stored.
  • Live streaming is also supported with services such as AWS Elemental MediaPackage and MediaStore.

Usage Limits

  • Users can request higher limits for usage, accommodating over 10 Gbps or 15,000 requests per second.
  • CloudFront distribution limits can be verified in the AWS service limits reference.

File Size and Logging

  • The maximum file size for delivery through CloudFront is 20 GB.
  • Access logs can be enabled for detailed request logging, which includes information like IP address, request time, and cache status.

Reporting Features

  • CloudFront offers comprehensive reporting options to monitor cache statistics, user locations, and overall usage.
  • Reporting can be accessed through the AWS Management Console.

Cost Allocation and Tagging

  • Cost allocation tagging is supported to categorize and monitor spending across AWS resources.
  • Tags can help group resources by various criteria such as project or application name.

API Call History and Monitoring

  • AWS CloudTrail can be used to access the history of all API calls made within an account.
  • Amazon CloudWatch enables real-time monitoring and alerting for performance metrics.

Lambda@Edge Functionality

  • Lambda@Edge allows execution of custom code at AWS edge locations without server management.
  • Code can be triggered by specific events within the CloudFront request flow, such as Viewer Request or Origin Response.

IPv6 Support

  • IPv6 utilizes a larger address space than IPv4, allowing for approximately 340 trillion trillion unique addresses.
  • CloudFront fully supports IPv6, ensuring no performance changes when compared to IPv4.
  • Separate distributions should be used for Trusted Signer URLs with IP whitelists and to accommodate both IPv4 and IPv6 access.

Pricing Structure

  • CloudFront charges based on Data Transfer Out, HTTP/HTTPS Requests, Invalidation Requests, and Dedicated IP Custom SSL certificates.
  • New AWS customers receive a free usage tier for CloudFront, including 50 GB Data Transfer Out and 2 million HTTP/HTTPS requests each month for the first year.
  • Data transfer from AWS origins to CloudFront is free for all AWS regions.

Tax Considerations

  • Pricing for CloudFront services generally excludes applicable taxes, duties, and fees, except for specific conditions outlined for certain regions, such as Japanese Consumption Tax.### Understanding 304 Responses
  • A 304 response indicates that the requested content has not changed, leading to no message body being sent.
  • Charges for a 304 response include costs for the HTTP/HTTPS request and Data Transfer Out to the Internet.
  • Data transfer fees are incurred due to HTTP headers, impacting overall bandwidth usage.

Amazon CloudFront Price Classes

  • Price Classes allow selection of less expensive Amazon CloudFront regions to reduce delivery costs.
  • By default, CloudFront uses its global network to minimize end-user latency in content delivery.
  • Certain regions may incur higher costs due to elevated service fees, leading to increased charges for users in those areas.

Configuring Price Classes

  • Users can configure CloudFront distributions through the AWS Management Console or Amazon CloudFront API.
  • Choosing a Price Class that excludes some locations may result in higher latency for viewers in those excluded geographic areas.
  • Occasionally, CloudFront may still serve from edge locations outside the selected Price Class, but charges will apply only for the least expensive option within the chosen class.

Performance Considerations

  • If performance is prioritized, opting for all locations is recommended for optimal low latency.
  • Customization through Price Classes provides flexibility in balancing cost and performance based on specific content delivery needs.

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