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Hypovolemic Hyponatremia: Causes, Signs, and Symptoms

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Hypovolemic Hyponatremia: Causes, Signs, and Symptoms

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary difference between hypovolemic and hypervolemic hyponatremia?

The cause of the sodium loss

The ratio of sodium to water loss (correct)

The age of the patient

The severity of the CNS symptoms

Which of the following is a characteristic of cerebral salt wasting syndrome?

Polyuria (correct)

Dehydration

Orthostatic hypertension

Oliguria

What is the first-line treatment for hypovolemic hyponatremia?

Vasopressin 2 Receptor antagonists

Diuretics

Isotonic saline (correct)

Hypertonic saline

What is the common underlying cause of euvolemic hyponatremia?

Adrenal insufficiency Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of SIADH on the kidneys?

Increased sensitivity to ADH Signup and view all the answers

A patient with SIADH has a normal or low urine output. What is the primary treatment for this patient?

Fluid restriction Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal when correcting hyponatremia?

To increase the sodium level by 12 mEq/L per 24 hours Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is NOT a common cause of SIADH?

Beta blockers Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of CSW (cerebral salt wasting) syndrome?

Decreased ECF volume Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for using normal saline (0.9% NaCl) for correcting hyponatremia?

It adds to the serum sodium level without further diluting it Signup and view all the answers

What is the desired rate of sodium level correction in a patient with hyponatremia?

12 mEq/L per 24 hours Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary complication of rapidly correcting hyponatremia?

Demyelination and irreversible symptoms Signup and view all the answers