Hypothesis Testing Steps

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Questions and Answers

What is the first step in applying the concept of hypothesis testing?

Determine Rejection of Your Null Hypothesis
Conduct a Statistical Test
Specify Your Null and Alternate Hypothesis (correct)
Gather Data

What is the purpose of Step 2 in hypothesis testing?

To determine rejection of the null hypothesis
To gather data (correct)
To specify the null and alternate hypothesis
To conduct a statistical test

What is reported in the 'Report the Test Statistic' section of a hypothesis testing result?

The p-value
The sample mean
The significance level
The value of the test statistic calculated from the sample data (correct)

What is the purpose of the 'Interpretation of the Results' section?

To indicate whether the null hypothesis is rejected or not (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is discussed in the 'Discuss Effect Size' section?

The magnitude of the observed effect (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'Address Assumptions and Limitations' section?

To acknowledge assumptions made in the analysis and discuss potential limitations of the study (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the last step in reporting the results of a hypothesis test?

References (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'State the Hypotheses' section?

To restate the null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the probability of committing a Type I error?

Alpha (α) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of setting an alpha (α) value?

To set the criterion for statistical significance (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a one-tailed test used for?

To test for significance in one direction only (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens if the null hypothesis is rejected when it is actually true?

A Type I error occurs (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the probability that the null hypothesis is true?

95% (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a two-tailed test used for?

To test for significance in both directions (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of hypothesis testing?

To draw conclusions about a larger population from a sample data (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does the null hypothesis imply?

There is no significant difference between variables (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the alternative hypothesis?

To state the outcome that one wants to conclude (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the Greek origin of the word 'hypothesis'?

Hypo means tentative and thesis means statement about the solution of a problem (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does a p-value of 28% indicate in a study?

A difference as large as the observed is not unusual under the chance-only explanation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of statistical significance testing?

To determine whether the results are due to chance alone (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the research hypothesis?

To state the outcome that one wants to prove (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for using sample data to draw conclusions about a larger population?

Inferential statistics (B) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hypothesis Testing

Hypothesis testing involves specifying null and alternative hypotheses, gathering data, conducting a statistical test, and determining whether to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis.
A hypothesis is a tentative prediction or explanation of the relationship between two variables.

Null and Alternative Hypotheses

Null Hypothesis (H0): A statement that implies no significant difference between variables, assumed to be true until evidence suggests otherwise.
Alternative Hypothesis (Ha): A statement that one wants to conclude, also known as the research hypothesis.

Statistical Significance

Statistical significance is a determination of the null hypothesis, suggesting that results are due to chance alone.
A data set provides statistical significance when the p-value is sufficiently small.

P-Value and Significance Level

P-value is the probability that the null hypothesis is true.
Significance level (α) is the criterion for statistical significance, commonly set at 0.05 (5%).

Types of Tests

One-tailed (or one-sided) test: Tests for the significance of an effect in only one direction.
Two-tailed (or two-sided) test: Tests for the significance of an effect in both directions.

Errors in Hypothesis Testing

Type I error (False Positive): Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true.
Type II error (False negative): Failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is false.

Alpha (α) and Beta (β)

Alpha (α): The probability of committing a Type I error, also known as the significance level.
Beta (β): The probability of committing a Type II error.

Reporting Results

State the hypotheses.
Describe the data, including sample size, mean, standard deviation, and important characteristics.
Report the test statistic.
Interpret the results, including whether to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis.
Discuss effect size (if applicable).
Address assumptions and limitations.

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Description

Learn the steps involved in applying hypothesis testing, including specifying null and alternate hypotheses, gathering data, conducting statistical tests, and making conclusions. Quiz yourself on this important statistical concept!