Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of hypothesis testing?
What is the primary purpose of hypothesis testing?
- To determine whether a hypothesis is supported by the results of a research study. (correct)
- To generate new research questions.
- To prove the null hypothesis is true.
- To manipulate data in order to achieve desired results.
What does the null hypothesis ($H_0$) generally state?
What does the null hypothesis ($H_0$) generally state?
- That there is a significant difference between groups.
- That the research is flawed.
- That the alternative hypothesis is true.
- That there is no difference between groups. (correct)
When do researchers typically use the alternative hypothesis ($H_a$) in statistical testing?
When do researchers typically use the alternative hypothesis ($H_a$) in statistical testing?
- When there's no data available.
- When they reject the null hypothesis. (correct)
- When they accept the null hypothesis.
- When they want to prove the null hypothesis.
Which of the following is true regarding the null hypothesis?
Which of the following is true regarding the null hypothesis?
In hypothesis testing, to what does the hypothesis refer?
In hypothesis testing, to what does the hypothesis refer?
What is a key characteristic of the alternative hypothesis ($H_a$)?
What is a key characteristic of the alternative hypothesis ($H_a$)?
What is the purpose of research in the context of the null hypothesis?
What is the purpose of research in the context of the null hypothesis?
What is the significance of a 'statistically significant difference' in the context of hypothesis testing?
What is the significance of a 'statistically significant difference' in the context of hypothesis testing?
A researcher is comparing the effectiveness of two different teaching methods. Which statement represents a suitable null hypothesis ($H_0$)?
A researcher is comparing the effectiveness of two different teaching methods. Which statement represents a suitable null hypothesis ($H_0$)?
A study aims to test if a new drug reduces blood pressure. What would be an appropriate alternative hypothesis ($H_a$)?
A study aims to test if a new drug reduces blood pressure. What would be an appropriate alternative hypothesis ($H_a$)?
What distinguishes a one-tailed hypothesis test from a two-tailed hypothesis test?
What distinguishes a one-tailed hypothesis test from a two-tailed hypothesis test?
In a one-tailed hypothesis test, what does the researcher predict?
In a one-tailed hypothesis test, what does the researcher predict?
Which of the following scenarios is most suitable for using a one-tailed hypothesis test?
Which of the following scenarios is most suitable for using a one-tailed hypothesis test?
In what situation would a two-tailed hypothesis test be most appropriate?
In what situation would a two-tailed hypothesis test be most appropriate?
A study is conducted to assess whether a new fertilizer increases crop yield. The null hypothesis states the fertilizer has no effect. If a one-tailed test is used, what is the alternative hypothesis?
A study is conducted to assess whether a new fertilizer increases crop yield. The null hypothesis states the fertilizer has no effect. If a one-tailed test is used, what is the alternative hypothesis?
A researcher hypothesizes that children in warm climates weigh less than the national average. Is this a one-tailed or two-tailed test?
A researcher hypothesizes that children in warm climates weigh less than the national average. Is this a one-tailed or two-tailed test?
A researcher hypothesizes that a warm climate will affect children's body weight. Is this a one-tailed or two-tailed test?
A researcher hypothesizes that a warm climate will affect children's body weight. Is this a one-tailed or two-tailed test?
Which of the following terms suggests one-tailed language?
Which of the following terms suggests one-tailed language?
A researcher wants to examine if a new drug has any effect on reaction time, without specifying whether it will increase or decrease it. Which type of hypothesis test should they use?
A researcher wants to examine if a new drug has any effect on reaction time, without specifying whether it will increase or decrease it. Which type of hypothesis test should they use?
A company claims its new energy drink improves athletic performance. An independent researcher wants to test if the drink actually increases performance. What type of hypothesis test is most appropriate?
A company claims its new energy drink improves athletic performance. An independent researcher wants to test if the drink actually increases performance. What type of hypothesis test is most appropriate?
If the null hypothesis ($H_0$) is: HPED student use = BA student use, what is the correct alternative hypothesis ($H_a$)?
If the null hypothesis ($H_0$) is: HPED student use = BA student use, what is the correct alternative hypothesis ($H_a$)?
If the alternative hypothesis ($H_a$) is: HPED student use > BA student use, what is the correct null hypothesis ($H_0$)?
If the alternative hypothesis ($H_a$) is: HPED student use > BA student use, what is the correct null hypothesis ($H_0$)?
According to the Oxford Dictionary, what is a hypothesis?
According to the Oxford Dictionary, what is a hypothesis?
Which of the following is the most accurate definition of a Hypothesis?
Which of the following is the most accurate definition of a Hypothesis?
Flashcards
What is a Hypothesis?
What is a Hypothesis?
A proposed explanation based on limited evidence, serving as a starting point for further investigation.
Hypothesis Testing
Hypothesis Testing
The process of determining if a hypothesis is supported by the results of a research study, using an objective and logical statistical process.
Null Hypothesis (H₀)
Null Hypothesis (H₀)
The general statement that there is no difference between groups, assumed to be true until evidence suggests otherwise.
Alternative Hypothesis (Hₐ)
Alternative Hypothesis (Hₐ)
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One-Tailed Hypothesis Test
One-Tailed Hypothesis Test
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Two-Tailed Hypothesis Tests
Two-Tailed Hypothesis Tests
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Study Notes
- A hypothesis is a proposed explanation based on limited evidence, serving as a starting point for investigation.
- Hypothesis testing determines if a hypothesis is supported by research study results.
- The process involves accepting or rejecting a hypothesis using objective and logical statistical methods.
- Hypotheses refer to the population, denoted by μ, not the sample mean.
Null Hypothesis (H₀)
- It is a general statement indicating no difference between groups.
- It is assumed true until evidence suggests otherwise.
- Alternative notations are "H-nought," "H-null," "H-O," and "H-zero".
- The aim is to test if the null hypothesis is TRUE.
H₀ as a Default
- It is assumed to be true until proven otherwise, similar to "innocent until proven guilty."
- A suspect is considered innocent until proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.
- The hypothesis assumes no difference between groups until statistically significant differences are proven.
Purpose of Research
- The purpose of the research is to decide whether the H₀ is probably true or probably false.
- Unless testing a conclusion of an entire population, conclusions are not 100% sure.
Alternative Hypothesis (Hₐ)
- Prediction that a significant difference exists between the groups being compared.
- It is used when the null hypothesis is rejected.
Example Scenario
- Question: Do HPED students use the gym more often than BA students?
H₀ Example
- Hypothesis: HPED student use = BA student use.
- H₀: HPED = BA. Symbol represents population mean, comparing average scores between populations.
Hₐ Example
- Hypothesis: HPED student use ≠ BA student use.
- H₀: HPED = BA. Hₐ: HPED ≠ BA.
One-tailed vs. Two-tailed Hypothesis
One-Tailed Hypothesis Test
- The researcher predicts the direction of the expected difference between the groups.
- e.g., HPED students use recreation MORE THAN BA students.
- e.g., HPED students use recreation LESS than BA students.
- HA: 1 > 2 or HA: 1 < 2. H₀: 1 2 or H₀: 1 2.
Example Scenario with MRU Rec Facility
- Question: Do HPED students use the MRU rec facility more often than BA students?
- Recreation statistics indicate BA student use = 1.2 times/week.
- For the hypothesis to be supported, HPED use must be statistically higher than 1.2 times/week.
- Data is collected from a random sample of HPED students.
- Compare with BA student use.
- If HPED use is significantly greater than BA, reject the null hypothesis in favor of accepting the alternative hypothesis Ha.
Two-Tailed Hypothesis Tests
- The researcher expects to find a difference between the groups but does not predict the direction of that difference.
- HA: 1 ≠ 2. H₀: 1 = 2.
Practice Scenarios
- Scenario 1: A researcher hypothesizes that children in warm climates weigh less than the national average; is this a one- or two-tailed test? Identify H₀ and Ha.
- Scenario 2: A researcher hypothesizes that a warm climate will affect children's body weight; is this a one- or two-tailed test? Identify H₀ and Ha. Two-tailed.
Cheat Sheet for Language
- Null: No Difference (N-N)
- Two-Tailed: Alter, Affect, Impact
- One-Tailed: Greater than/Less than, Bigger/Smaller, More/Fewer
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