Hypothesis Testing: Mean and Types
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Questions and Answers

What type of hypothesis test is used when comparing a single sample to the population mean?

  • Two-tailed test
  • One-tailed test
  • Both one-tailed and two-tailed tests (correct)
  • None of the above

    • In a two unrelated samples test, what is typically compared?

  • Two different groups of participants evaluated on the same attribute
  • One sample from the past and one sample from the present
  • A single group before and after an event
  • Two different groups of participants on different attributes (correct)

    • What is the purpose of using a two related samples test?

  • To determine if one group scores higher than another group
  • To assess the pre- and post-effect of a marketing action on the same participants (correct)
  • To compare two independent groups regarding their satisfaction
  • To analyze differences in means between unrelated samples

    • Which of the following best illustrates a question for a two-tailed hypothesis test?

    <p>Is the average age of shoppers 30 years old?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes related samples from unrelated samples?

    <p>Related samples examine the same participants at different times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of measuring participants before and after the free trial exposure?

    <p>To determine the effectiveness of the free trial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hypothesis is stated as being the same in the context of unrelated samples?

    <p>Null hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statistical test is primarily suggested for comparing means in the context given?

    <p>T-test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In hypothesis testing, which step involves interpreting the result after reaching a conclusion?

    <p>Make a decision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consideration should be determined regarding the type of test in hypothesis testing?

    <p>One-tailed or two-tailed?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes unrelated samples?

    <p>Different participants categorized into groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered when selecting the statistical test?

    <p>If the samples are independent or correlated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of the alternative hypothesis?

    <p>To challenge the null hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a one-tailed hypothesis test determine?

    <p>If a population parameter is larger than a certain value only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a two-tailed hypothesis test, what is being evaluated?

    <p>Whether a population parameter is within certain upper or lower bounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically used in conducting one-tailed hypothesis tests?

    <p>One critical value based on the direction of the hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of two-tailed tests compared to one-tailed tests?

    <p>They often use one or two critical values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In hypothesis testing, what does the null hypothesis (Ho) typically represent?

    <p>The hypothesis that denotes no difference or effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the alternative hypothesis (Ha)?

    <p>It can specify whether the mean is lower or higher</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to specify the direction in a one-tailed test?

    <p>It defines the hypothesis to be tested only at one critical value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Hypothesis Testing: Mean

    • Hypothesis testing is a process for making objective decisions about a hypothesized parameter.
    • Null hypothesis: an initial claim based on prior knowledge.
    • Alternative hypothesis: what the researcher believes to be true.

    Hypothesis Testing: Types

    • Hypothesis testing mechanism is used to make an objective decision about a hypothesized parameter.
    • Significance level (α): the margin of error assumed by the researcher.
    • P-values: the data-based probability that the decision to reject the null hypothesis is wrong. It's compared to the significance level.

    What Test and When?

    • Tests based on number of variables: single vs two variables (or groups).
    • Test type based on variables: tests comparing means (e.g., continuous variables), and tests for associations (e.g., continuous and categorical variables).
    • Tests based on type of variables: comparing means (e.g., single mean, related samples T-test, unrelated samples T-test).

    Comparing Means

    • Helpful for determining if one group's (average) satisfaction differs from another.
    • Useful to find out whether a change in a situation (e.g., introducing a new program) makes a difference.
    • Example: Marvel movie consumers vs. DC movie consumers.
    • Example: Effectiveness of a streaming service.
    • Types of tests include T-tests (related, unrelated samples) and Chi-square.
    • Single mean: Test used to make a judgment about a population's mean, using a sample. Can be one or two tailed tests. Example: the average age of Kroger shoppers.
    • Two unrelated samples: Used to compare two independent samples (groups). Example: comparing online vs. in-store shoppers.
    • Two related samples: Used to compare one sample to itself (the same group) before and after a marketing action (e.g., before and after a marketing campaign). Example: measuring the effect of a free trial.
    • Unrelated sample: Analyzing loyalty between tech-savvy and non-tech-savvy customers, or differences between groups.
    • Related sample: Observing changes in customer loyalty before and after a marketing campaign. Compares the same groups at different times.

    Steps in Hypothesis Testing

    • State the hypothesis: Defining the null and alternative hypothesis to help interpret results
    • Select the statistical test: Choosing a hypothesis test based on correlations or comparisons.
    • Determining decision based on t-test or P-value.
    • Make a decision and conclusion.

    One-tailed vs. Two-tailed

    • One-tailed: Used when only interested whether a parameter is either larger or smaller than a predefined value.
    • Two-tailed: Used to determine whether a parameter falls within certain upper or lower bounds.

    Hypothesis Tests for Means

    • Known population variance: Z-test used to test for differences in means if the population variance is known.
    • Unknown population variance: T-test used to test for differences in means if the population variance isn't known.

    Decision Rules for T-tests

    • Determining whether to use a one or two-tailed test depends on the type of hypothesis being tested.

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    Related Documents

    Hypothesis Tests of Means PDF

    Description

    Explore the fundamentals of hypothesis testing, including null and alternative hypotheses. Learn about significance levels, P-values, and the appropriate tests based on the type and number of variables. This quiz will enhance your understanding of statistical decision-making.

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