MPP II 3.2 - OVERVIEW OF THE HPA (LOWERY)

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson
Download our mobile app to listen on the go
Get App

Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the primary target of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH)?

  • Gonadotrophs
  • Somatotrophs
  • Thyrotrophs (correct)
  • Corticotrophs

Which hypophysiotropic hormone negatively regulates Prolactin (Prl) secretion?

  • Dopamine (correct)
  • TRH
  • CRH
  • GHRH

A researcher discovers a novel hormone that stimulates the release of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). Which hypophysiotropic hormone is most likely to have similar function?

  • Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH)
  • Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) (correct)
  • Somatostatin (SS)
  • Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH)

Which of the following anterior pituitary hormones is NOT directly regulated by Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH)?

<p>Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Somatostatin (SS) inhibits the release of which anterior pituitary hormone?

<p>Growth Hormone (GH) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following anterior pituitary hormones targets the adrenal cortex?

<p>Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a glycoprotein hormone produced by the anterior pituitary?

<p>Luteinizing Hormone (LH) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a patient has a tumor that selectively destroys lactotrophs in the anterior pituitary, which of the following hormone levels would be expected to decrease?

<p>Prolactin (Prl) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The gonadotrophs in the anterior pituitary respond to GnRH by producing:

<p>LH and FSH (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After a head trauma incident, a patient exhibits hypopituitarism, specifically a deficiency in ACTH. Which of the following hypothalamic hormones is most likely affected?

<p>CRH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher is studying the effects of a novel drug on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. The drug increases the levels of TSH. Which hypothalamic hormone action is most likely enhanced by the drug?

<p>Increased TRH release (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary target organ of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)?

<p>Thyroid Gland (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones that target the gonads, is regulated by Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)?

<p>Luteinizing Hormone (LH) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is another name for Somatostatin (SS)?

<p>GH-Inhibiting Hormone (GHIH) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the target of Dopamine released from the hypothalamus?

<p>Lactotrophs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the target of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) released from the hypothalamus?

<p>Corticotrophs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hypothalamic peptides inhibits the release of Growth Hormone (GH)?

<p>SS (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hypothalamic peptides stimulates the release of Growth Hormone (GH)?

<p>GHRH (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class is ACTH from the anterior pituitary derived from?

<p>Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is targeted by LH (Leutinizing Hormone)?

<p>Gonads (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A woman is struggling with milk production. Which anterior pituitary hormone is most likely involved?

<p>Prolactin (Prl) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structural characteristics is unique to the glycoprotein family of anterior pituitary hormones?

<p>A common α-subunit (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following anterior pituitary hormones are related to human placental lactogen?

<p>Growth hormone &amp; prolactin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following anterior pituitary hormones undergoes post-translational cleavage?

<p>Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is the alternate name for LH (Leutinizing Hormone)?

<p>Interstitial Cell-Stimulating Hormone (ICSH) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following anterior pituitary hormones is a pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptide hormone?

<p>Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the pathway for a stimulus to influence the anterior pituitary?

<p>Stimulus -&gt; Hypothalamus -&gt; Hypophysiotropic Hormone -&gt; Anterior Pituitary -&gt; Regulated Hormone -&gt; Target Organ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is diagnosed with a deficiency in the production of releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus. Where are these hormones released?

<p>Median Eminence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The arcuate nucleus and paraventricular nucleus are associated with which area?

<p>Hypothalamus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Hypophysiotropic Hormones

Hormones released by the hypothalamus that control the anterior pituitary gland.

TRH (Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone)

A hormone that targets thyrotrophs in the anterior pituitary to release Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH).

CRH (Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone)

A hormone that targets corticotrophs in the anterior pituitary to release Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH).

GnRH (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone)

A hormone that targets gonadotrophs in the anterior pituitary to release Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Somatostatin (SS)

A hormone that negatively regulates Growth Hormone (GH) release from somatotrophs in the anterior pituitary.

Signup and view all the flashcards

GHRH (Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone)

A hormone that stimulates Growth Hormone (GH) release from somatotrophs in the anterior pituitary.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Dopamine

A hormone that negatively regulates Prolactin (Prl) release from lactotrophs in the anterior pituitary.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Thyrotroph Target

The anterior pituitary cell type targeted by TRH.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Corticotroph target

The anterior pituitary cell type targeted by CRH.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Gonadotroph target

The anterior pituitary cell type targeted by GnRH.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Somatotroph Target

The anterior pituitary cell type targeted by Somatostatin.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lactotroph Target

The anterior pituitary cell type targeted by Dopamine.

Signup and view all the flashcards

TSH target organ

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone--targets the thyroid.

Signup and view all the flashcards

ACTH Target Organ

Adrenocorticotropic hormone. Targets the adrenal glands.

Signup and view all the flashcards

FSH and LH Target Organ

Follicle-stimulating hormone and Luteinizing hormone. Targets the gonads.

Signup and view all the flashcards

GH target organ

Targets the skeleton, skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissue.

Signup and view all the flashcards

PRL target organ

Targets the breasts.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Anterior Pituitary Hormone Families

Glycoproteins, Growth hormone & prolactin, Pro-opiomelanocortin.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Glycoprotein Hormones

TSH, FSH, and LH. They have a common alpha subunit and confer biological specificity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Growth Hormone & Prolactin

Structural and genetic ~ Human placental lactogen.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)

ACTH, B-endorphin, a-, B- and y- melanocyte-stimulating hormones.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

  • Hypophysiotropic hormones from the hypothalamus regulate anterior pituitary function.
  • The sequence is: Hypophysiotropic Hormone → Target Cell in Anterior Pituitary → Regulated Hormone (+/-) and its Family → Target Organ

Overview of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

  • A stimulus (or positive feedback) activates the hypothalamus that releases hypophysiotropic hormones.
  • These hormones target specific cells in the anterior pituitary.
  • The anterior pituitary then releases regulated hormones, that belong to different families.
  • Regulated hormones then act on their target organs, leading to general effects.
  • Negative feedback from the target organs can inhibit the hypothalamus.

Hypophysiotropic Hormones

  • Originate from specific areas of the hypothalamus including:
    • Paraventricular nucleus
    • Preoptic area
    • Arcuate nucleus
  • Reach the pituitary via long portal veins.

Hypophysiotropic Hormone Names

  • TRH (thryotropin-releasing hormone)
  • CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone)
  • GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone), also known as LHRH
  • GHRH (growth hormone-releasing hormone)
  • SS (somatostatin)
  • Dopamine

Target Cells in the Anterior Pituitary

  • Thyrotroph
  • Corticotroph
  • Gonadotroph
  • Somatotroph
  • Lactotroph

Anterior Pituitary Hormones and Their Regulated Targets

  • TRH targets thyrotrophs, leading to the release of TSH, which targets the thyroid. TSH is a glycoprotein hormone.
  • CRH targets corticotrophs, leading to the release of ACTH, which targets the adrenal cortex, ACTH is a Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptide hormone.
  • GnRH targets gonadotrophs, leading to the release of LH and FSH, which target the gonads. LH and FSH are glycoprotein hormones.
  • Somatostatin targets somatotrophs to negatively regulate GH, and GHRH targets somatotrophs to positively regulate GH. GH is a peptide hormone in a family with Prolactin (Prl) that has many organs including the skeleton, liver, and skeletal muscle.
  • Dopamine targets lactotrophs to negatively regulate Prolactin (Prl), which targets the breast. Which is a peptide hormone in a family with Growth Hormone (GH)
  • GH is also known as Somatotropin
  • LH is also known as Interstitial Cell-Stimulating Hormone (ICSH)
  • SS is also known as GH-Inhibiting Hormone (GHIH), GH-Release-Inhibiting Hormone (GRIH), and Somatotropin-Release Inhibitory Factor (SRIF).

Anterior Pituitary Hormone Families

  • Glycoproteins: TSH, FSH, LH
    • Share a common α-subunit.
    • Have a unique β-subunit that confers biological specificity.
  • Growth hormone & Prolactin
    • Structural & genetic ~ Human placental lactogen
  • Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)
    • Undergoes post-translational cleavage.
    • Produces ACTH, β-endorphin, α-, β- and γ- melanocyte stimulating hormones (MSH).

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser