Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary mechanism of heat transport from the core of the body to the skin?
What is the primary mechanism of heat transport from the core of the body to the skin?
- Conduction
- Convection
- Radiation (correct)
- Evaporation
During fever and recovery, what are the primary mechanisms of heat production and heat dissipation?
During fever and recovery, what are the primary mechanisms of heat production and heat dissipation?
- Heat production: increased metabolic rate; Heat dissipation: vasoconstriction and decreased sweating
- Heat production: shivering; Heat dissipation: vasodilation and sweating (correct)
- Heat production: vasodilation; Heat dissipation: shivering and decreased sweating
- Heat production: decreased metabolic rate; Heat dissipation: vasoconstriction and increased sweating
What is the primary function of the thermoregulatory center in the body?
What is the primary function of the thermoregulatory center in the body?
- To store excess heat in the body
- To regulate the menstrual cycle and circadian rhythm
- To maintain the body temperature within a narrow range around the hypothalamic set point (correct)
- To increase the metabolic rate during fever
What is the primary mechanism by which heat is lost from the body at room temperature?
What is the primary mechanism by which heat is lost from the body at room temperature?
At what core body temperature can hypothermia be diagnosed?
At what core body temperature can hypothermia be diagnosed?
Vasoconstriction of cutaneous blood vessels in response to changes in core body temperature is mediated by binding of a hormone/neurotransmitter to what receptor?
Vasoconstriction of cutaneous blood vessels in response to changes in core body temperature is mediated by binding of a hormone/neurotransmitter to what receptor?
What contributes to the production of body heat?
What contributes to the production of body heat?
What are the mechanisms for heat loss from the body?
What are the mechanisms for heat loss from the body?
What determines body temperature?
What determines body temperature?
Which part of the body primarily controls the regulation of body temperature?
Which part of the body primarily controls the regulation of body temperature?
What is the 'normal' core body temperature (Tb)?
What is the 'normal' core body temperature (Tb)?
How does rectal temperature compare to oral temperature?
How does rectal temperature compare to oral temperature?
What contributes to the fluctuation in body temperature?
What contributes to the fluctuation in body temperature?
How is heat balance achieved in the body?
How is heat balance achieved in the body?
What determines heat storage in the body?
What determines heat storage in the body?
What percentage of the energy liberated through catabolism is released as heat?
What percentage of the energy liberated through catabolism is released as heat?
What factors influence Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)?
What factors influence Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)?
What is the average Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) in a 70 kg male?
What is the average Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) in a 70 kg male?
Which mechanism primarily contributes to heat production during moderate exercise?
Which mechanism primarily contributes to heat production during moderate exercise?
What is the primary mechanism of heat loss during physical activity at high temperatures?
What is the primary mechanism of heat loss during physical activity at high temperatures?
Which organs are the primary heat producers in the body during cellular processes?
Which organs are the primary heat producers in the body during cellular processes?
What is the approximate percentage of total heat produced by internal organs at rest?
What is the approximate percentage of total heat produced by internal organs at rest?
What is the chief determinant of heat transfer to the skin?
What is the chief determinant of heat transfer to the skin?
Which mechanism is responsible for heat dissipation at low temperatures?
Which mechanism is responsible for heat dissipation at low temperatures?
What is the primary mechanism of heat transfer from the body core to the skin?
What is the primary mechanism of heat transfer from the body core to the skin?
What is the primary mechanism of heat production after a meal?
What is the primary mechanism of heat production after a meal?
What regulates heat dissipation at high temperatures?
What regulates heat dissipation at high temperatures?
What is the primary mechanism of heat transfer at low temperatures?
What is the primary mechanism of heat transfer at low temperatures?
What is the primary mechanism of heat transfer by conduction across subcutaneous fat?
What is the primary mechanism of heat transfer by conduction across subcutaneous fat?
Which mechanism contributes to heat production in brown adipose tissue?
Which mechanism contributes to heat production in brown adipose tissue?
What is the primary mechanism for heat loss from the skin surface for naked individuals in a 20°C room?
What is the primary mechanism for heat loss from the skin surface for naked individuals in a 20°C room?
What is the primary mechanism for heat loss from the skin surface for naked individuals in a 30°C room?
What is the primary mechanism for heat loss from the skin surface for naked individuals in a 30°C room?
How much heat does 1 L of water remove through evaporation from the skin surface?
How much heat does 1 L of water remove through evaporation from the skin surface?
What is the primary method for heat dissipation in hot environments when evaporation becomes ineffective?
What is the primary method for heat dissipation in hot environments when evaporation becomes ineffective?
At what relative humidity does evaporation become ineffective for heat dissipation?
At what relative humidity does evaporation become ineffective for heat dissipation?
Where is the thermoregulatory center located in the human body?
Where is the thermoregulatory center located in the human body?
What does the thermoregulatory center do when body temperature is below the set-point?
What does the thermoregulatory center do when body temperature is below the set-point?
What type of nerves innervate the sweat glands?
What type of nerves innervate the sweat glands?
At high humidity, what happens to the effectiveness of sweating as a heat loss mechanism?
At high humidity, what happens to the effectiveness of sweating as a heat loss mechanism?
What happens to the body's evaporation rate at high temperatures with high humidity?
What happens to the body's evaporation rate at high temperatures with high humidity?
What can potentially lead to hypothermia or hyperthermia according to the heat balance equation?
What can potentially lead to hypothermia or hyperthermia according to the heat balance equation?
What does the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center do when body temperature is above the set-point?
What does the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center do when body temperature is above the set-point?
What are the mechanisms through which the hypothalamus controls thermoregulation?
What are the mechanisms through which the hypothalamus controls thermoregulation?
What happens to skin blood vessels to release heat?
What happens to skin blood vessels to release heat?
What are common causes of hyperthermia?
What are common causes of hyperthermia?
What are symptoms of hyperthermia?
What are symptoms of hyperthermia?
What can heat stroke lead to if untreated?
What can heat stroke lead to if untreated?
What occurs during hypothermia?
What occurs during hypothermia?
What induces fever?
What induces fever?
How can fever be reduced?
How can fever be reduced?
What is the benefit of fever?
What is the benefit of fever?
What stimulates PGE2 release, leading to fever?
What stimulates PGE2 release, leading to fever?
What can fever cause?
What can fever cause?
Flashcards are hidden until you start studying
Study Notes
Hypothalamic Control of Thermoregulation and Temperature Disorders
- The hypothalamus controls thermoregulation through cholinergic and adrenergic mechanisms
- Skin blood vessels dilate to release heat, while vasoconstriction minimizes heat loss
- Hyperthermia results from the body's inability to dissipate heat, leading to heat collapse, heat stroke, and malignant hyperthermia
- Common causes of hyperthermia include prolonged heat exposure, high humidity, and physical exertion
- Hyperthermia symptoms include weakness, sweating, nausea, vomiting, and collapse
- Heat stroke can lead to disorientation, seizures, coma, and death if untreated
- Hypothermia occurs in mild, moderate, and severe stages, with thermoregulatory mechanisms activated to raise body temperature
- Fever is induced by cytokines released during infections, which stimulate prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release and elevate the thermoregulatory set-point
- Inhibitors of PG synthesis, like NSAIDs, can reduce fever
- Fever is beneficial as it slows microorganism growth and stimulates antibody production
- Cytokines, such as IL1, IL6, and TNFa, stimulate PGE2 release, leading to fever
- Fever can cause increased heart rate, fatigue, joint aches, headache, and disturbances of consciousness
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
