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Questions and Answers
What is hypoglycemia?
What is hypoglycemia?
What happens in the hypoglycemic state?
What happens in the hypoglycemic state?
Too much insulin in proportion to glucose in the blood, blood glucose levels less than 70, neuroendocrine hormones levels are raised, autonomic nervous system is activated.
What causes hypoglycemia? (Select all that apply)
What causes hypoglycemia? (Select all that apply)
What are some common manifestations of hypoglycemia?
What are some common manifestations of hypoglycemia?
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What symptoms indicate altered mental functioning in a person experiencing hypoglycemia?
What symptoms indicate altered mental functioning in a person experiencing hypoglycemia?
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If hypoglycemia is left untreated, what can it lead to? (Select all that apply)
If hypoglycemia is left untreated, what can it lead to? (Select all that apply)
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What is the treatment rule of 15 for hypoglycemia?
What is the treatment rule of 15 for hypoglycemia?
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What simple carbohydrates would you give to a person to raise their glucose levels?
What simple carbohydrates would you give to a person to raise their glucose levels?
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If glucose levels are still low after using the treatment rule of 15, what is the next option?
If glucose levels are still low after using the treatment rule of 15, what is the next option?
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If the patient is unable to swallow juice, what can you do instead of giving an IV push of dextrose?
If the patient is unable to swallow juice, what can you do instead of giving an IV push of dextrose?
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Study Notes
Hypoglycemia Overview
- Hypoglycemia refers to low blood sugar levels, specifically below 70 mg/dL.
- Symptoms often include "Cold and Clammy, Need Some Candy," indicating the immediate need for glucose.
Pathophysiology
- Occurs due to an excess of insulin relative to blood glucose.
- Neuroendocrine hormone levels rise and the autonomic nervous system compensates.
Causes
- Main causes include too much insulin or oral agents, insufficient food intake, delaying meals, excessive exercise, and rapid drops in high glucose levels.
Common Manifestations
- Typical symptoms are shakiness, palpitations, nervousness, diaphoresis (sweating), anxiety, hunger, and pallor.
Altered Mental Functioning
- Hypoglycemia can lead to confusion, difficulty speaking, visual changes, and stupor.
Potential Complications
- Untreated hypoglycemia can result in loss of consciousness, seizures, coma, or even death.
Treatment Protocol - Rule of 15
- If symptoms arise, administer 15 grams of simple carbohydrates.
- Recheck glucose levels in 15 minutes, repeating the process up to three times if necessary.
Recommended Simple Carbohydrates
- Effective options include fruit juices or regular soda.
- Foods containing fat should be avoided, as they hinder sugar absorption.
Next Step for Persistent Low Glucose
- If glucose remains low after following the Rule of 15, administer IV dextrose (5% dextrose in water) or 50% dextrose via IV push.
Alternative Intervention
- If the patient is unable to swallow juice, administer a subcutaneous or intramuscular injection of Glucagon (1 mg).
- Ensure the patient is turned on their side to prevent aspiration, as glucagon may induce vomiting.
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Description
Test your knowledge about hypoglycemia with these flashcards. Learn key terms, definitions, and the physiological changes associated with low blood sugar. Perfect for students and healthcare professionals alike!
