Hyperthyroidism Treatment Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the mechanism of action of radioactive iodine in thyroid treatment?

  • It becomes concentrated in the thyroid gland and destroys thyroid cells, leading to hypothyroidism (correct)
  • It directly stimulates the production of thyroid hormones
  • It causes an acute release of thyroid hormone, worsening symptoms
  • It inhibits stages in thyroid hormone synthesis, leading to euthyroid state

    • How are patients treated for signs of thyroid storm after radioactive iodine treatment?

  • Treated with antithyroid medications
  • Undergo thyroid hormone replacement therapy
  • Treated with beta-blockers (correct)
  • Undergo thyroidectomy

    • When is thyroid hormone replacement started after stopping antithyroid medications?

  • After 6 months of stopping antithyroid medications
  • 4 to 18 weeks after stopping antithyroid medications (correct)
  • Immediately after stopping antithyroid medications
  • After radioactive iodine treatment

    • What is the principal test for monitoring thyroid function after radioactive iodine treatment?

    <p>Free T4 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do antithyroid medications work in the treatment of thyroid disorders?

    <p>By inhibiting stages in thyroid hormone synthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is propylthiouracil recommended during the first trimester of pregnancy?

    <p>Due to teratogenic effects of methimazole (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if antithyroid medications are discontinued before therapy is complete?

    <p>Relapse within 6 months (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two forms of pharmacotherapy available for treating hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Radioactive iodine and antithyroid medications (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is radioactive iodine therapy contraindicated during pregnancy?

    <p>It crosses the placenta (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What precaution should women of childbearing age take before administration of radioactive iodine?

    <p>Undergo a pregnancy test (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long should women avoid conceiving following radioactive iodine treatment?

    <p>At least 6 months (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of radioactive iodine therapy (131I)?

    <p>To eliminate the hyperthyroid state with the administration of sufficient radiation in a single dose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What conditions can radioactive iodine be used to treat?

    <p>Toxic adenomas, toxic multinodular goiter, and most varieties of thyrotoxicosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is breast-feeding prior to radioactive iodine treatment contraindicated?

    <p>Due to potential radiation exposure to the infant (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the usual dosage for propylthiouracil?

    <p>200 mg every 6 hours (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does propylthiouracil affect thyroid hormone production?

    <p>It inhibits thyroid hormone production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the only contraindication to propylthiouracil?

    <p>Known hypersensitivity reaction to the medication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has the FDA issued a BLACK BOX WARNING for regarding propylthiouracil?

    <p>Risk of severe liver injury and acute liver failure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should patients take propylthiouracil?

    <p>Around the clock in evenly divided doses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a reported adverse effect of propylthiouracil?

    <p>Signs of hypothyroidism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    With whom is close monitoring necessary when using propylthiouracil?

    <p>Older adults and patients with hepatic impairment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long may it take for therapeutic effects of propylthiouracil to become apparent?

    <p>1 to 2 weeks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a side effect that should be monitored when taking propylthiouracil?

    <p>Muscle strength (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should patients be educated about when taking propylthiouracil?

    <p>The signs and symptoms of acute liver failure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is recommended for all patients with symptomatic hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Propranolol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main action of propranolol in the treatment of hyperthyroidism?

    <p>It blocks beta-adrenergic receptors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should methimazole be used cautiously by women of childbearing age?

    <p>It increases the risk of fetal abnormalities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of using radioactive iodine therapy for hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Risk of developing hypothyroidism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should propranolol be tapered and discontinued in the treatment of hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Once the patient becomes euthyroid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is used for short-term treatment of hyperthyroidism to inhibit the release of thyroid hormones?

    <p>Strong iodine solution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common cause of hypothyroidism?

    <p>Autoimmune disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of hypothyroidism?

    <p>Fatigue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when thyroid hormone levels are too low?

    <p>Body's processes start slowing down (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of hypothyroidism?

    <p>Dry skin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen to menstrual periods in women with hypothyroidism?

    <p>They can become heavy or irregular (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential effect of hypothyroidism on hair?

    <p>Thinning hair (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible effect of hypothyroidism on body weight?

    <p>Weight gain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a symptom commonly associated with hypothyroidism?

    <p>Depression (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen to the heart rate in hypothyroidism?

    <p>Slowed heart rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential effect of hypothyroidism on the face?

    <p>Puffy face (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of managing Graves’ disease?

    <p>Minimize extrathyroidal manifestations such as ophthalmopathy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is thyrotoxicosis typically diagnosed?

    <p>High serum level of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) and a low serum level of TSH (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of thyroiditis?

    <p>Permanent hypothyroidism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most widely used treatment for hyperthyroidism in the United States?

    <p>Radioactive iodine therapy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant risk associated with surgical removal of the thyroid for treating hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Risks and expense associated with thyroid surgery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is used alone to treat hyperthyroidism, as part of the preoperative preparation for thyroidectomy, and in the treatment of thyroid storm?

    <p>Propylthiouracil (PTU) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has the FDA issued a BLACK BOX WARNING for regarding propylthiouracil?

    <p>Severe liver injury resulting in death or acute liver failure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principal test for monitoring thyroid function after radioactive iodine treatment?

    <p>Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is propylthiouracil contraindicated?

    <p>In the first trimester of pregnancy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the traditional treatment for the common forms of hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine, and surgery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main treatment for hypothyroidism?

    <p>Administration of synthetic thyroxine pills (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can lead to hypothyroidism?

    <p>Viral thyroiditis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lifelong replacement therapy for hypothyroidism?

    <p>Levothyroxine therapy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms of hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Heat intolerance, palpitations, anxiety (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of levothyroxine therapy?

    <p>To replace the hormone the thyroid can no longer make (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the risk associated with opioid analgesics and sedating drugs for people with hypothyroidism?

    <p>Respiratory depression and myxedema coma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of levothyroxine therapy?

    <p>To maintain TSH levels within a narrow range (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred method for diagnosing hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Blood tests measuring thyroid hormone and TSH levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended way to take levothyroxine?

    <p>On an empty stomach (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the risk associated with radioactive iodine treatment for hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Development of hypothyroidism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Treating Hyperthyroidism with Propylthiouracil

    • Therapeutic effects of propylthiouracil may take 1 to 2 weeks to become apparent, but achieving a euthyroid state could take 6 to 8 weeks.
    • Adverse effects should be monitored, including heart rate, peripheral pulses, lung sounds, heart sounds, speech, emotional status, rest periods, weight, constipation, skin changes, CNS depression, gastric irritation, fever, sore throat, and white blood count for leukopenia.
    • Patients should be educated about the signs and symptoms of acute liver failure and seek immediate medical treatment if these symptoms occur.
    • Patient teaching guidelines for propylthiouracil include periodic tests of thyroid and liver function, avoiding seafood or iodized salt, taking the drug at regular intervals, reporting adverse effects, consulting a healthcare provider before taking over-the-counter drugs, monitoring pulse and weight, and seeking medical attention for rash symptoms.
    • Methimazole is similar to propylthiouracil and should be used cautiously by women of childbearing age due to the risk of fetal abnormalities during the first trimester.
    • Strong iodine solution and saturated solution of potassium iodide are short-term treatments for hyperthyroidism, used to inhibit the release of thyroid hormones.
    • Sodium iodide 131I is a radioactive isotope used for diagnostic tests of thyroid function and therapeutic treatment of hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer.
    • Disadvantages of using radioactive iodine therapy include the development of hypothyroidism and delayed therapeutic benefits.
    • Propranolol is recommended for all patients with symptomatic hyperthyroidism, particularly in older adults with resting heart rates over 90 beats/min or with a history of cardiovascular conditions.
    • Propranolol blocks beta-adrenergic receptors to control symptoms of hyperthyroidism such as tachycardia, palpitations, excessive sweating, tremors, and nervousness.
    • Propranolol is useful for controlling symptoms during the delayed response to thioamide drugs and radioactive iodine, before thyroidectomy, and in treating thyrotoxic crisis.
    • Propranolol should be tapered and discontinued when patients become euthyroid and definitive treatment has controlled hyperthyroid symptoms.

    Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism: Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

    • Hypothyroidism can be caused by Hashimoto’s disease, congenital hypothyroidism, surgical removal of the thyroid, radiation treatment, and certain medications.
    • Symptoms of hypothyroidism develop slowly and can go unnoticed for months or years.
    • There is no cure for hypothyroidism, and most patients have it for life, but some exceptions exist, such as viral thyroiditis or thyroiditis after pregnancy.
    • Hypothyroidism is treated by replacing the hormone the thyroid can no longer make, typically with synthetic thyroxine pills.
    • Certain medications and conditions, such as amiodarone, interferon alpha, lithium, and iodine levels, can lead to hypothyroidism.
    • Surgical removal of part or all of the thyroid can result in hypothyroidism, and radiation treatment for hyperthyroidism often leads to hypothyroidism.
    • Treatment for hypothyroidism involves the administration of synthetic thyroxine, such as levothyroxine, which should be taken on an empty stomach.
    • Levothyroxine therapy is for life and requires routine laboratory testing to review thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels.
    • Levothyroxine rarely causes adverse effects when administered at appropriate doses.
    • Replacement therapy for hypothyroidism is lifelong, and no clear-cut guidelines exist regarding duration of antithyroid drug therapy.
    • People with hypothyroidism are at risk of respiratory depression and myxedema coma with opioid analgesics and sedating drugs.
    • Hyperthyroidism can be diagnosed through blood tests measuring thyroid hormone and TSH levels, and symptoms include heat intolerance, palpitations, anxiety, fatigue, weight loss, and irregular menses in women.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the treatment of hyperthyroidism with propylthiouracil and related medications. This quiz covers therapeutic effects, adverse effects monitoring, patient teaching guidelines, and other treatment options for hyperthyroidism management.

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