Hypertension: The Silent Killer

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Questions and Answers

Hypertension is often referred to as the '_______ killer' due to its potential for severe health complications if left untreated.

  • Silent (correct)
  • Sudden
  • Aggressive
  • Rapid

A patient has a blood pressure reading of 135/85 mmHg. According to the guidelines, this would be classified as:

  • Normal
  • Stage 1 hypertension (correct)
  • Elevated
  • Stage 2 hypertension

For a patient already diagnosed with hypertension, what is generally the target blood pressure goal?

  • <130/90 mmHg
  • <120/80 mmHg
  • <140/90 mmHg (correct)
  • <150/90 mmHg

Which of the following is NOT a non-pharmacological risk factor modification recommended for managing hypertension?

<p>Strict bed rest (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is prescribed a medication ending in '-pril'. Which class of antihypertensive medication does this likely belong to?

<p>ACE inhibitors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is being treated with multiple antihypertensive medications, yet their blood pressure remains above the goal. This condition is known as:

<p>Resistant hypertension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following classes of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs is most likely to interact with prescribed antihypertensives?

<p>Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with a severely elevated blood pressure and evidence of new target organ damage. This condition is best described as:

<p>Hypertensive emergency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a sign of target organ damage associated with hypertensive emergencies?

<p>Vision changes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The most common cause of hypertensive crisis is generally attributed to:

<p>Non-adherence to antihypertensive regimen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between aneurysms and dissections of an arterial wall?

<p>Dissections involves separation of the layers of the arterial wall, while aneurysms are a localized dilation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aneurysms and dissections both require careful management. What is the most important nursing consideration for these conditions?

<p>Strict blood pressure control (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is often cited as the primary cause of peripheral arterial disease (PAD)?

<p>Atherosclerosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In contrast to PAD, what is the most common underlying cause of peripheral venous disease (PVD)?

<p>Valve incompetence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which clinical manifestation is most characteristic of peripheral arterial disease (PAD)?

<p>Pain in the extremities that increases with activity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which clinical manifestation is most characteristic of peripheral venous disease (PVD)?

<p>Pain that is relieved by elevating the legs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For patients with PAD, controlled exercise is recommended because it promotes:

<p>Development of collateral circulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with PVD is educated to avoid which of the following?

<p>Prolonged standing or sitting with legs dangling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) has wounds on their toes. What would be the least appropriate intervention?

<p>Applying compression bandages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Individuals with peripheral venous disease (PVD) are at an increased risk of developing:

<p>Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Hypertension?

Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is when blood pressure is too high.

What are SBP and DBP?

Systolic blood pressure (SBP) is the pressure when your heart beats. Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) is the pressure when your heart rests between beats.

BP Goal with HTN Diagnosis

For patients already diagnosed with hypertension, the blood pressure goal is typically below 130/90 mmHg.

HTN Nutrition Modifications

Diets like DASH and Mediterranean are beneficial for managing hypertension.

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Main Drug Classes for HTN

Diuretics, beta-blockers (end in -lol), ACE inhibitors (end in -pril), ARBs (end in -artan), calcium channel blockers (end in -dipine), and vasodilators.

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Hypertensive Crisis

Hypertensive crisis is a severe increase in blood pressure that can lead to stroke. It is defined as SBP >= 180 and/or DBP >= 120.

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Urgency vs. Emergency

Urgency: No target organ damage; Emergency: Target organ damage present.

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Cause of Hypertensive Crisis

The most common cause is failure to adhere to the prescribed antihypertensive regimen.

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Aneurysms vs. Dissections

Aneurysms: arterial wall is weakened; Dissections: arterial wall is torn.

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Common PAD Cause

The most common cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, a build-up of plaque inside the arteries.

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Common PVD Cause

The most common cause of PVD is damage to the valves in the veins.

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PAD Risk Factors

PAD risk factors include smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and obesity.

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Extremities

Positioning helps relieve pain in PAD, worsens PVD. Positioning helps improve pain in extremeties in PVD

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Study Notes

  • HYPERTENSION - is the "silent" killer

BP Classification

  • Normal blood pressure is defined as a systolic blood pressure (SBP) of less than 120 mmHg and a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of less than 80 mmHg.

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