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Questions and Answers
What is hypertension?
What is hypertension?
- A condition caused by high blood sugar levels in the arteries
- A condition caused by low blood sugar levels in the arteries
- A chronic lowering of blood pressure in the arteries
- A chronic elevation of blood pressure in the arteries (correct)
What are the major contributors to the genesis of hypertension?
What are the major contributors to the genesis of hypertension?
- Climate and geography
- Age and gender
- Genetics and lifestyle factors (correct)
- Education level and income
What is the consequence of long-term hypertension?
What is the consequence of long-term hypertension?
- End-organ damage to the kidneys, heart, and brain (correct)
- End-organ damage to the liver and lungs
- End-organ damage to the skin and bones
- End-organ damage to the eyes and ears
How should blood pressure be measured for accurate diagnosis?
How should blood pressure be measured for accurate diagnosis?
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What is white coat hypertension?
What is white coat hypertension?
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What is masked hypertension?
What is masked hypertension?
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What is the recommended initial treatment for hypertension?
What is the recommended initial treatment for hypertension?
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Study Notes
- Hypertension is the chronic elevation of blood pressure in the arteries and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and death.
- Established hypertension is often asymptomatic, but long-term hypertension can cause end-organ damage to the kidneys, heart, and brain.
- The genesis of hypertension is polygenic, and lifestyle factors such as diet, salt intake, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, alcohol, poor sleep, and stress are major contributors.
- Accurate diagnosis begins with accurate measurement, and both in-office and out-of-office measurements are acceptable.
- White coat hypertension is suspected when clinic blood pressure is markedly elevated, and there is no evidence of target end-organ damage.
- Masked hypertension is suspected when clinic blood pressure is normal, but there is evidence of severe target end-organ damage.
- Blood pressure should be assessed in all adult patients to determine cardiovascular risk and monitor antihypertensive treatment.
- Hypertension treatment includes lifestyle modifications, managing risk factors, and pharmacotherapy.
- Initial antihypertensive therapy should be monotherapy or single pill combination, not multiple agents.
- Multiple drugs are often required, but lower doses of multiple drugs may be more effective and tolerable than higher doses of fewer drugs.
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