Hypertension Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the recommended management for hypertensive urgency?

Immediate administration of fast-acting antihypertensives (correct)

Elevated Fast acting antihypertensives oral meds are recommended

Use of IV to slowly decrease SBP by no more than 25 in first hour

No evidence of target organ damage

What is the recommended approach for resistant hypertension?

Combination therapy with multiple antihypertensive medications (correct)

Use of IV antihypertensives

Switching to ACE inhibitors

No treatment is available

What is the potential consequence of hypertensive emergencies?

Hypotension

Hypertensive urgency

Damage to target organs (correct)

Bradycardia

What is the recommended medication adjustment when giving ACE inhibitors to individuals with renal dysfunction?

Add loop diuretics Signup and view all the answers

What is the target range for decreasing SBP in the first hour of a hypertensive emergency?

By no more than 25 Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach for white coat hypertension in healthcare settings?

Monitor blood pressure over time Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential consequence of COVID-19 in relation to ACE inhibitors/ARBs?

Potential association with COVID-19 Signup and view all the answers

What medication class is recommended for hypertensive urgency in the absence of target organ damage?

CCB Signup and view all the answers

Which is a potential endocrine cause of hypertension?

Cushing's syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What physiologic change can lead to hypertension?

Increased sympathetic nervous system activity Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended blood pressure target for older adults with hypertension?

Below 130/80 Signup and view all the answers

What is a lifestyle modification recommended for hypertension?

Gradual weight loss Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is considered a first-line treatment for hypertension?

Thiazide/thiazide-like diuretics Signup and view all the answers

What is a risk factor for hypertension?

Advancing age Signup and view all the answers

What is a major cause of hypertension in older adults?

Changes in elasticity Signup and view all the answers

What is a specific consideration for hypertension management in African Americans?

Genetic predisposition to salt retention Signup and view all the answers

What diagnostic test is recommended for assessing hypertension?

Electrolyte levels Signup and view all the answers

What is a major cause of hypertension, with obesity as a contributing factor?

Sleep apnea Signup and view all the answers

What is the blood pressure range for Stage 1 hypertension?

130-139/80-89 Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of hypertension cases is classified as Primary Hypertension?

90-95% Signup and view all the answers

What is the blood pressure range for Hypertensive crisis?

180/120 or higher Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of Secondary Hypertension?

Identifiable underlying disease or condition Signup and view all the answers

What pathophysiological process does hypertension contribute to?

Atherosclerotic disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the blood pressure range for Elevated blood pressure?

120-129/<80 Signup and view all the answers

What could cause changes in the body system leading to hypertension?

Genetic makeup Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of cases that Secondary Hypertension accounts for?

5-10% Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of hypertension on the endothelium?

Causes inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of cases is classified as Unknown cause (Primary Hypertension)?

90-95% Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hypertension: Causes, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and Management

Endocrine causes of hypertension include Cushing's syndrome, hyperaldosteronism, hyperthyroidism, and pheochromocytoma
Inflammatory substances like sugar can lead to changes in blood vessels and increased blood pressure
Mineralocorticoids like aldosterone lead to sodium and water retention, increasing blood pressure
Early physiologic changes that can lead to hypertension include increased sympathetic nervous system activity and resistance in insulin action
Management of hypertension in older adults involves keeping blood pressure below 130/80, especially for those with stroke, TIA, multiple comorbidities, and limited life expectancy
Risk factors for hypertension include advancing age, race (African American), chronic kidney disease, diabetes, excessive alcohol consumption, family history, gender, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, poor diet habits, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, stress, and sleep apnea
Diagnostic results for hypertension include accurate blood pressure readings at different times, health assessment, eye examination for retinopathy, urine tests for kidney function, electrolyte levels, heart function tests, and EKG
Lifestyle modifications for hypertension include gradual weight loss, exercise, DASH diet, limiting sodium intake, and increasing potassium intake
Medication therapy for hypertension includes thiazide/thiazide-like diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and ARBs as first-line medications
African Americans have specific considerations for hypertension management due to their genetic predisposition to salt retention
Sleep apnea is a major cause of hypertension, with obesity as one of the main contributing factors
Hypertension in older adults is often associated with increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure due to changes in elasticity, accumulation of plaque, volume expansion, and changes in cardiac contraction

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Description

Test your knowledge of hypertension with this quiz covering causes, risk factors, diagnosis, and management. Explore endocrine causes, inflammatory substances, early physiologic changes, risk factors, diagnostic results, lifestyle modifications, medication therapy, and specific considerations for different populations.