Hypertension Overview Quiz

<p>Increased blood volume leads to increased blood pressure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Promoting the production of angiotensin II, a powerful vasoconstrictor. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of lipid core (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Damage to epithelial cells in the vasculature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Macrophages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They release inflammatory mediators and growth factors, contributing to plaque formation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A clot of blood that can form in an artery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased blood volume (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An excessive increase in heart rate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased blood flow to the lungs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>LDL levels are the primary focus when considering coronary artery disease risk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A decrease in blood pressure of 20 mmHg or more within 3 minutes of standing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Idiopathic disorder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Isolated diastolic hypertension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Each subtype involves different aspects of blood pressure elevation, but all involve a rise in overall blood pressure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diet (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lungs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children under 10 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secondary hypertension has a known underlying cause, while primary hypertension does not. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Variant angina (B), Prinzmetal angina (C), Unstable angina (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased myocardial oxygen demand (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>STEMI is characterized by ST-segment elevation on an ECG, while a non-STEMI is not. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rheumatic heart disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Troponin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It affects the connective tissue of the heart, joints, and skin. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tricuspid atresia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased blood pressure in the upper extremities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tetralogy of Fallot (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluid buildup in the lungs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shortness of breath when lying down. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sinus arrhythmia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compression of the heart by fluid buildup in the pericardium. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pulmonary embolism. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased cardiac output. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maldistribution of blood flow. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypertensive emergency is characterized by a sudden rise in blood pressure with evidence of end-organ damage. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dizziness, blurred vision, confusion, syncope (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteoporosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>140 – 159 / 90 – 99 mmHg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A diet low in sodium and fat and high in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains to help lower blood pressure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Baroreceptors in the kidneys detect changes in blood pressure and trigger the RAAS cycle by releasing hormones that constrict blood vessels and increase blood pressure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteinuria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regular physical activity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a less severe form of hypertension than hypertensive emergency. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hypertension without a known direct cause; most common form.

High systolic pressure with stable diastolic pressure.

High diastolic pressure with stable systolic pressure.

Elevated both systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Factors for hypertension that cannot be changed, like age and family history.

Lifestyle-related factors that can be changed to reduce hypertension risk.

Hypertension caused by identifiable conditions, often in children.

Damage to organs including heart, kidneys, eyes, brain from hypertension.

A sudden increase in blood pressure without end-organ damage.

A sudden increase in blood pressure with evidence of organ damage.

Signs indicating low blood pressure, such as dizziness and fainting.

Lifestyle factors that contribute to high blood pressure, often modifiable.

Blood pressure reading less than 120/80 mmHg.

Blood pressure reading between 120-140/80-89 mmHg.

Dietary approach recommended for lowering hypertension risk.

A hormone system that regulates blood pressure, activated by low BP.

Typical symptoms include headaches, dizziness, and confusion.

A condition of low blood pressure caused by physical body position changes.

Factors include drug effects, arterial stiffness, and blood volume depletion.

Narrowing of the pulmonary valve leading to right ventricular hypertrophy.

Thickening of the heart's right ventricle due to increased workload.

High levels of LDL are correlated with increased risk of heart disease.

A hormone that promotes sodium retention in the kidneys, influencing blood volume and pressure.

Medications that inhibit the angiotensin-converting enzyme to lower blood pressure.

Sodium retention leads to water retention, increasing blood volume and pressure.

Regular intake of high sodium leads to sustained high blood pressure and health issues.

LDLs are lipoproteins that transport cholesterol and are linked to arterial damage.

The process where LDL traps in the cell wall due to endothelial damage.

Macrophages filled with lipids that result from engulfing LDLs.

A blood clot that forms from lipids and debris on foam cells, narrowing arteries.

Damage to cell lining caused by LDL that leads to inflammation and permeability.

Chest pain during predictable activities, relieved by rest or nitroglycerin.

Unpredictable chest pain regardless of exertion, could lead to ischemia.

ST-Elevated Myocardial Infarction detected by ECG; indicates acute ischemia.

Non-ST-Elevated Myocardial Infarction; harder to detect on ECG than STEMI.

Fluid buildup in pericardium causing pressure on the heart, leading to output issues.

Inflammation from streptococcal infection affecting heart and connective tissue.

Opening between left and right atrium, causing excess pulmonary blood flow.

Abnormal hole between left and right ventricles, causing volume overload.

Failure of the ductus arteriosus to close after birth, affecting blood flow to the body.

Narrowing of the aorta impeding blood flow, creating pressure differences in body regions.

Heart's left side fails to pump effectively, leading to lack of blood flow and congestion.

The right side fails to pump effectively, resulting in fluid buildup in the body.

Severe allergic reaction causing vasodilation, leading to inadequate cardiac output.

Systemic inflammatory response to infection causing hypotension and organ dysfunction.

Irregular heart rhythms that can impair cardiac output and indicate diseases.