Hypertension Overview Quiz

<p>It regulates blood pressure by controlling fluid balance and electrolyte levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiac output regulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coronary artery disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Age (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antibiotics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic kidney disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stress reduction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stroke (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yoga (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It damages blood vessels and increases risk (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kidney failure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Beta blockers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>50% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shortness of breath (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Avoiding strenuous activities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Echocardiogram (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blockage of blood flow to the heart (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased appetite (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coronary artery disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrocardiogram (ECG) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strain on the heart, contributing to HFpEF (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To dissolve blood clots (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It decreases blood flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduction in blood flow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endothelial dysfunction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To evaluate heart function during physical activity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antibiotics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rapid and irregular heart rhythm originating in the atria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Palpitations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heart's electrical activity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardioversion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lose weight (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiac arrest (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Release of inflammatory mediators and neuroendocrine response (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Release of inflammatory mediators and coagulation cascade activation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To signal damage and initiate healing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Release of hormones and neurotransmitters (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thromboembolism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase in inflammatory mediators and coagulation activation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflammatory response (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Only involves the nervous system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A condition where systolic blood pressure is 140 mmHg or higher, or diastolic blood pressure is 90 mmHg or higher.

The most common type of hypertension, accounting for 90-95% of cases. The exact cause is unknown, but is likely due to a combination of genetics and lifestyle.

Hypertension caused by a known underlying medical condition, such as kidney disease or thyroid problems.

The body's fight-or-flight system. When activated, it increases heart rate and constricts blood vessels, raising blood pressure.

A system that regulates blood pressure by controlling salt and fluid balance.

A group of conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels.

A condition where the kidneys are damaged and can't work properly.

A serious condition where blood vessels in the brain burst, causing brain damage.

Damage to blood vessels in the eyes leading to vision loss or blindness.

Increased risk with age, family history, obesity, smoking, and physical inactivity.

Dietary changes, exercise, and stress reduction can help.

Medications like diuretics, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, and calcium channel blockers.

Acupuncture, meditation, and yoga are alternative treatment options.

Regularly checking blood pressure and kidney function, as well as using an Electrocardiogram (ECG) to monitor heart function.

Hypertension is a complex condition requiring careful management and monitoring.

A heart attack occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked, causing damage to the heart muscle.

Chest pain, shortness of breath, lightheadedness, sweating, and cold feeling are common symptoms of a heart attack.

An ECG measures heart's electrical activity, a troponin test checks for heart muscle damage, and an echocardiogram creates a picture of the heart.

A 'clot buster' medication dissolving the blocking clot, a catheter used to open the blocked vessel, or surgery using a graft to bypass the blockage.

Ischemic events happen when blood flow to the heart muscle is reduced, depriving it of oxygen and nutrients.

A chain reaction starting with endothelial dysfunction, leading to inflammation, thickening of the blood vessel wall, and ultimately a reduced blood flow.

Fibrates are medications that lower the levels of triglycerides in the blood.

Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) encompass several heart conditions, including unstable angina and heart attack. It signals a heart attack that is either in progress or has just happened.

A test that measures the heart's ability to function during physical activity.

An irregular heartbeat that can be caused by various factors including heart disease, electrolyte imbalances, and certain medications.

A type of cardiac arrhythmia where the heart beats rapidly and irregularly, originating in the atria.

A type of cardiac arrhythmia where the heart beats rapidly and regularly, originating in the atria.

A type of cardiac arrhythmia where the heart beats rapidly, originating in the ventricles.

A type of cardiac arrhythmia where the heart beats rapidly and irregularly, originating in the ventricles.

A medical procedure that uses electrical shocks to restore a normal heart rhythm.

A device that measures the heart's electrical activity over a longer period of time, helping diagnose heart conditions.

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a type of heart failure where the heart's ejection fraction (EF) is normal, but the heart is still unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs.

HFpEF occurs when the left ventricle, the main pumping chamber, is unable to pump enough blood despite having a normal ejection fraction. This means the heart is stiff and less efficient.

Hypertension, coronary artery disease, diabetes, obesity, and sleep apnea are common causes of HFpEF. These conditions put stress on the heart and can weaken its function.

Shortness of breath, fatigue, swelling in the legs and feet, coughing up pink, frothy mucus, and chest pain or discomfort are common symptoms. These symptoms can indicate a heart problem and require immediate medical attention.

An echocardiogram uses sound waves to create images of the heart and measure its function. A chest X-ray uses X-rays to create images of the heart and lungs, while blood tests measure levels of certain proteins and enzymes in the blood to help diagnose HFpEF.

Beta blockers can help manage symptoms by slowing down the heart rate and reducing the workload on the heart.

Surgery may be needed to repair or replace a damaged mitral valve, which is a valve in the heart that controls blood flow.

Lifestyle changes, such as avoiding strenuous activities, help reduce the demand on the heart and manage symptoms.

A complex process that involves the coordinated effort of multiple systems to maintain homeostasis. The response is characterized by the release of inflammatory mediators, neuroendocrine response, and endothelial damage.

These are chemical signals released in response to injury that play a crucial role in the systemic vascular response. They help to control inflammation and blood clotting.

This involves the release of hormones and neurotransmitters that help to regulate the systemic vascular response. It helps control blood pressure and blood vessel diameter.

A thin layer of cells lining the blood vessels. Damage to this layer can trigger the release of inflammatory mediators and activate blood clotting.

The initial response to injury is characterized by the release of inflammatory mediators and the activation of the coagulation cascade.

The inflammatory response is characterized by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the activation of immune cells. This helps to fight off infection and repair damaged tissue.

The neuroendocrine response is characterized by the release of hormones and neurotransmitters that help to regulate the systemic vascular response. This helps to control blood pressure, heart rate, and blood vessel diameter.

The endothelium is damaged, leading to the release of inflammatory mediators and the activation of the coagulation cascade. This can contribute to blood clots and further inflammation.