Human Physiology Week 2 - Hypersensitivity Study Guide
20 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary immunoglobulin produced in a Type I hypersensitivity reaction?

  • IgM
  • IgD
  • IgE (correct)
  • IgA
  • Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Type II hypersensitivity?

  • Mast cell activation (correct)
  • Phagocytosis of self-antigens
  • Agglutination of red blood cells
  • Complement activation
  • What happens during anaphylaxis in Type I hypersensitivity?

  • Localized swelling
  • Delayed tissue response
  • Systemic release of IgG
  • Systemic mast cell degranulation (correct)
  • Which of the following conditions is an example of a Type III hypersensitivity reaction?

    <p>Rheumatoid arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Type IV hypersensitivity is characterized by which of the following?

    <p>Delayed reaction taking 48-72 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a condition that can result from Type II hypersensitivity?

    <p>Hemolytic disease of the newborn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the immune response in Type III hypersensitivity?

    <p>Antigen-antibody complexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of hypersensitivity is the principal mechanism macrophage and T-cell interaction?

    <p>Type IV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common allergen associated with Type I hypersensitivity?

    <p>Shellfish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cross-reactivity between exogenous and endogenous tissues is a feature of which hypersensitivity type?

    <p>Type II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hypersensitivity is primarily mediated by IgE antibodies?

    <p>Type I - Immediate Hypersensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of tissue injury in Type III hypersensitivity reactions?

    <p>Deposition of antigen-antibody complexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a delayed reaction seen in Type IV hypersensitivity?

    <p>Delayed contact dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of Type II hypersensitivity reactions?

    <p>Immune response directed against self-antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is an example of a Type I hypersensitivity reaction?

    <p>Asthma due to pet dander</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary immune response mechanism involved in Type II hypersensitivity?

    <p>Activation of complement and phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about Type IV hypersensitivity is true?

    <p>It takes 48-72 hours to manifest after exposure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is associated with immune complex deposition in Type III hypersensitivity?

    <p>Complement activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Type II hypersensitivity, which of the following is a potential clinical manifestation?

    <p>Hemolytic disease of the newborn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these examples is MOST likely a consequence of a Type III hypersensitivity reaction?

    <p>Vasculitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Hypersensitivity

    • Hypersensitivity is an increased immune response towards an antigen causing undesirable clinical effects.
    • The four types of hypersensitivity reactions often occur together.

    Type I - Immediate Hypersensitivity, Atopy

    • IgE is produced in response to an allergen, instead of IgG
    • Mast Cell Degranulation: Mast cells release histamine when IgE binds to them
    • Histamine Release: Triggers an allergic reaction
    • Allergens: Harmless substances that cause an allergic response
      • Examples:
        • Shellfish
        • Pet Dander
        • Dust Mites
        • Peanuts
        • Latex
        • Insect Venom
    • Anaphylaxis: Systemic Type I response

    Type II - Cytotoxic Reactions to Self-Antigens

    • Immune response directed against one's own tissues
    • Complement Activation, Agglutination, Phagocytosis: These processes destroy cells.
      • Examples:
        • Hemolytic Diseases of the Newborn
        • Myasthenia Gravis
    • Cross-Reaction between Exogenous and Endogenous Body Tissues: Immune response to an exogenous antigen triggers a response against similar endogenous antigens.
      • Examples:
        • Hemolytic Streptococci / Mitral Valve Disease
        • Guillian-Barre Syndrome

    Type III - Immune Complex Diseases

    • Antigen-antibody complexes form and deposit around small blood vessels.
    • Complement Cascade, Acute Inflammation, Tissue Injury: These processes result from complex deposition.
      • Examples:
        • Rheumatoid Arthritis
        • Nephritis
        • Pericarditis
        • Vasculitis
        • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (Cell nucleus is the antigen)

    Type IV - Cell-mediated Immunity

    • Delayed Reaction to Allergen: Takes 48-72 hours for symptoms to appear, as it involves a macrophage to T-cell reaction.
      • Examples:
        • Transplant Rejections
        • Delayed Contact Dermatitis (e.g., poison ivy)

    Hypersensitivity

    • Hypersensitivity is an increased immune response to an antigen that causes negative clinical effects
    • The four types of hypersensitivity do not necessarily occur in isolation

    Type I - Immediate Hypersensitivity, Atopy

    • IgE is produced instead of IgG
    • Mast cell degranulation occurs, releasing histamine
    • Allergens are normally harmless substances that cause allergic responses
      • Examples include: shellfish, pet dander, dust mites, peanuts, latex, insect venom
    • Anaphylaxis is a systemic Type I response

    Type II - Cytotoxic reactions to self-antigens

    • Immune response to one's own tissues
      • Complement activation, agglutination, and phagocytosis occur
      • Examples: Hemolytic diseases of newborn, Myasthenia gravis
    • Cross-reaction between exogenous and endogenous body tissues
      • Examples: Hemolytic streptococci / mitral valve disease, Guillian-Barre syndrome

    Type III - Immune Complex Diseases

    • Antigen-antibody complexes deposit around small blood vessels
      • This causes complement cascade, acute inflammation, and tissue injury
    • Examples: Rheumatoid arthritis, nephritis, pericarditis, vasculitis, systemic lupus erythematosus (cell nucleus is the antigen)

    Type IV - Cell-mediated immunity

    • Delayed reaction to allergen, typically 48-72 hours
      • Based on macrophage to T-cell interactions, which take time to occur
    • Examples: Transplant rejections, delayed contact dermatitis (e.g., poison ivy)

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Test your understanding of the various types of hypersensitivity reactions. This quiz covers the mechanisms, examples, and clinical implications of immediate and cytotoxic hypersensitivity. Enhance your knowledge on how the immune system can overreact to harmless substances and self-antigens.

    More Like This

    Type I Hypersensitivity Reactions
    42 questions
    Hypersensitivity Reactions in Immunology
    24 questions
    Hypersensitivity Reactions Overview
    20 questions
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Browser