6 Questions
Which of the following is NOT a major cause of hyperphosphatemia?
Hyperthyroidism
What adverse effects are associated with hyperphosphatemia?
All of the above
Increased phosphate levels can lead to inhibition of which vitamin D synthesis?
1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D
How can increased parathyroid hormone due to hyperphosphatemia affect myocardium?
Impaired myocardial energy production
What mechanism is suggested by current evidence for the adverse outcomes of hyperphosphatemia in vascular systems?
Direct effect on vascular calcification
Which of the following is NOT shown to increase due to hyperphosphatemia?
Insulin
Study Notes
Hyperphosphatemia
- Elevated level of phosphate in the blood, an electrolyte disorder
Major Causes
- Hypoparathyroidism
- Renal failure
- Acute metabolic acidosis
- Addison's disease
Risks and Outcomes
- Major risk factor for death, cardiovascular events, and vascular calcification in patients with and without kidney disease
- Direct effect of phosphate on vascular calcification, leading to adverse outcomes
Mechanisms of Hyperphosphatemia
- Reduced glomerular filtration rate
- Inadequate dialysis
- Nonadherence to dietary restriction or dialysis regimen
- Direct vascular injury:
- Vascular calcification
- Endothelial dysfunction
- Oxidative stress
- Increased fibroblast growth factor 23 through unknown mechanisms
- Inhibition of 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D synthesis, leading to:
- Decreased cardiac contractility
- Coronary artery calcification
- Myocardial fibrosis
- Proinflammatory effects
- Increased parathyroid hormone, leading to:
- Proinflammatory effects
- Increased interleukin-6
- Impaired myocardial energy production
Learn about hyperphosphatemia, an electrolyte disorder with elevated phosphate levels in the blood, its major causes, and risks.
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