Hyperemia and Congestion

Hyperemia = Active process due to arteriolar dilation, resulting in increased blood flow and erythema Congestion = Passive process due to reduced venous outflow, resulting in cyanosis and potential tissue injury Erythema = Red color of affected tissues due to increased delivery of oxygenated blood Cyanosis = Abnormal blue-red color of congested tissues due to accumulation of deoxygenated hemoglobin

Hyperemia = Increased blood flow and red color of affected tissues Congestion = Reduced venous outflow and abnormal blue-red color of affected tissues Chronic passive congestion = Chronic hypoxia and potential ischemic tissue injury Capillary rupture in congested tissues = Small hemorrhagic foci and subsequent catabolism of extravasated red cells

Systemic congestion = Result of cardiac failure and affects multiple tissues Localized congestion = Result of isolated venous obstruction and affects specific areas Chronic passive congestion = Associated with chronic hypoxia and potential tissue scarring Capillary rupture in chronically congested tissues = May occur and lead to small hemorrhagic foci

<p>Red = Color of extravasated red cells in small hemorrhagic foci Blue-red = Accumulation of deoxygenated hemoglobin in congested tissues Blue = Color of cyanosis in congested tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperemia = Arteriolar dilation Congestion = Reduced venous outflow Chronic passive congestion = Chronic hypoxia Capillary rupture in congested tissues = Production of small hemorrhagic foci</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperemia is an active process caused by arteriolar dilation and leads to increased blood flow, resulting in redness of affected tissues. Congestion, on the other hand, is a passive process caused by reduced venous outflow and can be systemic or localized. Congested tissues have a blue-red color due to the accumulation of deoxygenated hemoglobin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Long-standing chronic passive congestion can result in ischemic tissue injury and scarring due to chronic hypoxia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The abnormal blue-red color in congested tissues is caused by the accumulation of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the affected area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperemia is characterized by increased blood flow due to arteriolar dilation, while congestion is characterized by reduced venous outflow of blood from a tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capillary rupture in chronically congested tissues can lead to small hemorrhagic foci, which can subsequently result in the catabolism of extravasated red cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers