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Questions and Answers
What is hygiene?
The science of health and its maintenance.
What does personal hygiene include?
Bathing, toileting, general body hygiene, and grooming.
Which of the following factors influence individual hygienic practices? (Select all that apply)
What are the common skin problems related to hygiene?
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What is the primary purpose of bathing?
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What are the categories of bathing?
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What should nursing assessments of skin include?
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The primary function of sweat glands is to __________ the body.
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True or False: Hygiene practices are the same for everyone.
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Identify two types of glands involved in skin care.
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Study Notes
Hygiene
- Involves care of the skin, feet, nails, oral and nasal cavities, teeth, hair, eyes, ears, and perineal-genital areas.
- Is a highly personal matter determined by individual values and practices.
Factors Influencing Individual Hygienic Practices
- Functional level: Independent vs. dependent.
Hygienic Care
-
Early morning care
- Urinal or bedpan
- Washing face and hands
- Oral care
-
Morning care
- Usually after breakfast
- Elimination
- Bath or shower
- Perineal care
- Back massage
- Oral, nail, and hair care
-
Hour of sleep or PM care
- Elimination
- Washing face and hands
- Oral care
- Back massage
-
As-needed (prn) care
- As required by client need
- More frequent bathing
- Changes of clothes
- As required by client need
Skin
- Protects underlying tissue
- Regulates body temperature
- Secretes sebum
- Oily substance that softens and lubricates hair and skin
- Maintains moisture
- Bactericidal action
- Transmits sensation
- Produces and absorbs vitamin D
Skin Glands
- Sudoriferous (sweat) glands: All surfaces except lips and parts of the genitals
- Apocrine glands: Axillae, anogenital areas (begin to function at puberty)
- Eccrine glands: Palms of hands, soles of feet, forehead (cool the body through evaporation)
Skin Care Assessment
-
Nursing history: Determine:
- Client's skin care practices
- Self-care abilities (functional, cognitive levels and motivation)
- Presence of past or current skin problems
- Physical assessment of the skin: Identify clients at risk for altered skin integrity.
Nursing Diagnosing
-
Self-Care Deficit (examples):
- Bathing Self-Care Deficit
- Dressing Self-Care Deficit
- Toileting Self-Care Deficit
-
Examples of associated diagnosis
- Deficient Knowledge (e.g., new therapeutic regimen to manage skin problems, lack of experience providing hygiene care to a dependent person)
- Situational Low Self-Esteem (e.g., visible skin problems, body odor)
- Risk for impaired skin integrity
- Skin integrity impaired
General Guidelines for Skin Care
- Intact, healthy skin: the body's first line of defense. Protection afforded by skin depends on general health of skin cells, amount of subcutaneous tissue, and dryness of skin.
- Moisture in contact with the skin: increase bacterial growth, irritation and infection
- Body odors are caused by resident skin bacteria acting on body secretions.
- Skin sensitivity varies among individuals and in accordance with their health.
- Skin care agents have selective actions and purposes.
Bathing
- Removes accumulated oil, perspiration, dead skin cells, and some bacteria
- Stimulates circulation
- Produces a sense of well-being
- Offers opportunity for assessment
Bathing Categories
-
Cleansing baths: Chiefly for hygiene purposes
- Complete bed bath
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Description
This quiz covers essential hygiene practices involving care for the body, including skin, oral, and personal hygiene. It also discusses factors that influence individual hygienic practices and the importance of routine care. Test your knowledge on early morning, morning, and evening hygiene routines as well as specific care needs.
