Hydrothermal Synthesis Overview

Hydrothermal Synthesis

• A method for synthesizing materials, particularly nanoparticles, nanorods, and other nanostructures, using a high-temperature aqueous solution.
• Involves dissolving precursors in water, heating the solution in a sealed vessel (autoclave) above the boiling point of water (up to 300°C), maintaining the temperature and pressure, and then cooling the solution.
• Advantages include its low cost, simplicity, ability to produce high-quality materials with controlled size and shape, flexibility in choosing precursors and reaction conditions, and environmentally friendly nature (using water as a solvent).
• Applications:
  • Nanoparticles (e.g., metal oxides, quantum dots)
  • Nanorods (e.g., metal oxides, semiconductors)
  • Nanostructured materials (e.g., zeolites, metal-organic frameworks)
  • Biomaterials (e.g., hydroxyapatite, calcium carbonate)
  • Energy storage materials (e.g., battery electrodes)
  • Catalytic materials
• Factors influencing synthesis:
  • Temperature
  • Pressure
  • pH
  • Precursor concentration
  • Reaction time
  • Surfactants or additives