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Questions and Answers
What is the formula for Net Precipitation?
What is the formula for Net Precipitation?
Runoff only occurs when precipitation is less than the soil's infiltration capacity.
Runoff only occurs when precipitation is less than the soil's infiltration capacity.
False
What is the process by which water moves from the surface into the soil?
What is the process by which water moves from the surface into the soil?
Infiltration
The _____ is the upper surface of the saturated zone of groundwater.
The _____ is the upper surface of the saturated zone of groundwater.
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Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
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Which of the following describes groundwater?
Which of the following describes groundwater?
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Percolation occurs above the root zone of plants.
Percolation occurs above the root zone of plants.
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What happens when the rate of precipitation exceeds the infiltration capacity of the soil?
What happens when the rate of precipitation exceeds the infiltration capacity of the soil?
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Net Precipitation equals Total Precipitation minus _____.
Net Precipitation equals Total Precipitation minus _____.
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What drives the Hydrological Cycle?
What drives the Hydrological Cycle?
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What does the water table indicate?
What does the water table indicate?
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Transpiration occurs when liquid water is released from plant leaves into the atmosphere.
Transpiration occurs when liquid water is released from plant leaves into the atmosphere.
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Define condensation in the context of the Hydrological Cycle.
Define condensation in the context of the Hydrological Cycle.
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_____ refers to the total amount of precipitation that reaches the Earth's surface after accounting for losses.
_____ refers to the total amount of precipitation that reaches the Earth's surface after accounting for losses.
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Match the following processes with their descriptions:
Match the following processes with their descriptions:
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Which of the following is NOT a form of precipitation?
Which of the following is NOT a form of precipitation?
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Throughfall is the portion of precipitation that is captured by vegetation before it reaches the ground.
Throughfall is the portion of precipitation that is captured by vegetation before it reaches the ground.
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What is the dew point?
What is the dew point?
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Interception refers to the process by which precipitation is captured by _____ before it reaches the ground.
Interception refers to the process by which precipitation is captured by _____ before it reaches the ground.
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What happens during the process of evapotranspiration?
What happens during the process of evapotranspiration?
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Which of the following best describes hydrology?
Which of the following best describes hydrology?
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Evapotranspiration refers to the process of water changing from liquid to gas.
Evapotranspiration refers to the process of water changing from liquid to gas.
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What phase transitions of water are studied in atmospheric water?
What phase transitions of water are studied in atmospheric water?
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The process of __________ involves the movement and storage of groundwater.
The process of __________ involves the movement and storage of groundwater.
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Match the following concepts with their definitions:
Match the following concepts with their definitions:
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What is the significance of stable isotopes of water in the hydrological cycle?
What is the significance of stable isotopes of water in the hydrological cycle?
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Soil water is described as water that saturates the host material.
Soil water is described as water that saturates the host material.
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Define watershed hydrology.
Define watershed hydrology.
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Erosion, transport, and deposition create and modify various __________ and __________.
Erosion, transport, and deposition create and modify various __________ and __________.
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Which of the following is NOT a type of environmental hydrology studied in this course?
Which of the following is NOT a type of environmental hydrology studied in this course?
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Study Notes
Hydrology GEG 3102 Course Topics
- The course covers the hydrological cycle, examining water's various forms and movement through the atmosphere, surface, and subsurface of Earth.
- It explores stable isotopes of water as tracers, focusing on atmospheric water transitions (gas to liquid/solid), cloud formation, precipitation, evaporation, and evapotranspiration.
- Surface water dynamics, including laminar and turbulent flow, water velocity measurement, hydrographs, and runoff, are also key components.
- Groundwater movement and storage are analyzed, including concepts like infiltration, porosity, laminar flow, hydraulic conductivity, confined and unconfined groundwater flow, and flow systems.
- Soil water, negative water pressure, soil moisture, unsaturated flow, capillarity, infiltration, percolation, and preferential flow are studied in detail.
- The course also examines watersheds, streams, rivers, and lakes, focusing on basin shape, drainage patterns, and density.
- Erosion, transport, deposition, and chemical processes shaping landscapes and landforms are included.
- Environmental hydrology is explored, including specific environments like lacustrine (lakes), nival (snow), glacial (ice), periglacial (cold), and karst (caves).
Course Evaluation
- Lab reports constitute 35% of the grade.
- Quizzes (weeks 3, 5, and 11) account for 15% of the grade.
- A mid-term test on February 24th contributes 20% to the grade.
- The final exam, during the exam period, makes up 30% of the final grade.
Hydrology: Basic Concepts and Challenges
- Hydrology is a geoscience describing and predicting water occurrence, circulation, and distribution in the earth and atmosphere.
- Several disciplines (engineering, meteorology, chemistry, and geology) contribute to the study of hydrology.
- These contributions support effective water resource management, including water supply systems, sewage systems, hydropower production, flood management, environmental protection, ecosystem health, water quality management, and agricultural productivity.
Hydrological Cycle
- The hydrological cycle is the continuous movement of water between the atmosphere, the surface of the Earth, and below the surface.
- Driven by solar energy, the cycle includes key processes like: evapotranspiration, condensation, precipitation, runoff, and infiltration, each influencing the Earth's water balance.
Key Hydrological Processes
- Evaporation: The conversion of liquid water to water vapor.
- Transpiration: The release of water vapor from plant leaves.
- Evapotranspiration: The combined process of evaporation and transpiration.
- Condensation: The conversion of water vapor into liquid water or ice, forming clouds.
- Precipitation: The falling of water from the atmosphere in liquid (rain, drizzle) or solid (snow, sleet, hail) form.
- Interception: The capture and storage of precipitation by vegetation.
- Throughfall: Precipitation that passes through the canopy directly to the ground.
- Stemflow: Precipitation that flows down plant stems and trunks to the ground.
- Net Precipitation: The total precipitation reaching the Earth's surface after accounting for losses due to interception, evaporation, and transpiration.
- Runoff: The flow of water over the land surface, entering rivers, lakes, and oceans.
- Infiltration: Water movement from the land surface into the soil.
- Percolation: Water movement through the soil profile, moving deeper into the ground and towards groundwater aquifers.
- Water Table: The upper surface of the groundwater zone.
Factors Influencing Hydrological Processes
- Temperature: Affects evaporation, transpiration, and condensation rates.
- Humidity: Affects evaporation and condensation rates.
- Wind Speed: Affects evaporation rates.
- Solar Radiation: Affects evaporation and transpiration rates.
- Soil Type: Affects infiltration rates.
- Soil Texture: Affects infiltration rates.
- Soil Structure: Affects infiltration rates.
- Rainfall Amount, Intensity, and Duration: Affect infiltration and runoff.
- Canopy Cover: Affects interception.
- Vegetation: Affects interception, infiltration, and evapotranspiration.
- Topography: Influences runoff.
- Rock Characteristics: Influences infiltration and groundwater flow.
- Groundwater Extraction: Influences water table levels.
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Description
Explore the multifaceted aspects of hydrology in the GEG 3102 course. Delve into the hydrological cycle, stable isotopes, surface and groundwater dynamics, and soil moisture concepts. This quiz encompasses essential topics including water movement, erosion, and watershed dynamics.
