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Questions and Answers
What is the primary manner in which hydrogen is found on Earth?
What is the primary manner in which hydrogen is found on Earth?
- In various chemical compounds (correct)
- As a solid metal
- In its free form as a gas
- In liquid form in oceans
Which of the following metals can react with cold water to displace hydrogen?
Which of the following metals can react with cold water to displace hydrogen?
- Copper
- Iron
- Gold
- Potassium (correct)
What is the primary byproduct of the reaction between sodium and water?
What is the primary byproduct of the reaction between sodium and water?
- Hydrochloric acid
- Sodium chloride
- Hydrogen peroxide
- Sodium hydroxide (correct)
What percentage of the mass of the universe does hydrogen constitute?
What percentage of the mass of the universe does hydrogen constitute?
During the preparation of hydrogen, why does the produced hydrogen catch fire immediately?
During the preparation of hydrogen, why does the produced hydrogen catch fire immediately?
Flashcards
Hydrogen in the Universe
Hydrogen in the Universe
The most abundant element in the universe, making up approximately 75% of its mass. Found in the outer atmospheres of stars and giant planets like Jupiter and Saturn.
Hydrogen's Reactivity
Hydrogen's Reactivity
Hydrogen is highly reactive and combines with other elements to form various compounds like water, minerals, and organic molecules.
Metal-Water Reaction
Metal-Water Reaction
A process where metals like sodium, potassium, and calcium react with water, releasing hydrogen gas. The reaction is exothermic and can be quite vigorous.
Sodium and Water Reaction Equation
Sodium and Water Reaction Equation
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Activity 1: Sodium and Water Reaction
Activity 1: Sodium and Water Reaction
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Study Notes
Occurrence of Hydrogen
- Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, making up about 75% of its mass.
- Found in the outer atmosphere of the sun and stars.
- Also found in giant planets like Jupiter and Saturn.
- On Earth, it's present in relatively small amounts.
- Proportion increases with altitude.
- Gases from volcanoes, coal mines, and oil wells contain hydrogen.
- Hydrogen is light and escapes from Earth's atmosphere into space.
- On Earth, hydrogen exists primarily in combined form due to its high reactivity.
- It's a key component in many compounds, like water, minerals, cellulose, starch, sugar, fats, oils, alcohols, acids, and countless other substances.
- Water is a crucial compound of hydrogen.
Preparation of Hydrogen
- Most hydrogen on Earth exists as compounds.
- Hydrogen can be produced from these compounds using different methods.
- One method is a reaction of metals with water.
- Metals like sodium, potassium, and calcium can displace hydrogen from cold water.
- The reactions are highly vigorous and exothermic, causing the produced hydrogen to catch fire immediately.
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