Hydro-mechanical vs FADEC Systems
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of the fuel control unit (FCU) or fuel management unit (FMU)?

  • To control the exhaust gas and bypass air for forward thrust or lift
  • To regulate airflow through the compressor
  • To monitor the engine temperature and pressure
  • To maintain the engine speed and air flow demanded by the pilot (correct)

What is the function of the pneumatic capsules in the FCU/FMU?

  • To direct fuel flow
  • To control acceleration and deceleration rates
  • To restrict fuel flow
  • To modify flows according to prevailing atmospheric conditions (correct)

What is the purpose of the dashpot/spring/damper combinations in the FCU/FMU?

  • To control airflow through the compressor
  • To regulate fuel flow
  • To monitor engine temperature and pressure
  • To control acceleration and deceleration rates (correct)

What is the benefit of using FADEC system?

<p>Improved engine control and monitoring (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between VIGVs and VSVs?

<p>VIGVs affect airflow at the inlet of the compressor, while VSVs vary airflow within the compressor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of air flow control?

<p>To maintain a safe margin from the engine surge line (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the evolution of engine control system based on system requirements and constraints?

<p>From hydro-mechanical control to electronic/hydro-mechanical control to FADEC (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the valves in the FCU/FMU?

<p>To direct fuel flow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Full Authority Digital Engine Control (FADEC) system?

<p>To autonomously control the engine throughout its whole operating range (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a component of the FADEC system?

<p>Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Sensor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using a FADEC system in terms of reliability?

<p>It decreases the Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) by 54% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Health Status Annunciator (HSA) in the FADEC system?

<p>To display the engine's health status (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the FADEC system improve engine control and monitoring?

<p>By using digital sensors and computer control (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of the FADEC system in terms of cost?

<p>It decreases the cost by 63% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Master Power Control Units (MPC-1 and MPC-2) in the FADEC system?

<p>To control the engine's operation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using a FADEC system in terms of weight?

<p>It decreases the weight by 62% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a FADEC system in an aircraft engine?

<p>To provide optimum engine efficiency for a given flight condition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Engine Electronic Control (EEC) in a FADEC system?

<p>It is the core of the FADEC system and controls engine operation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the FADEC system's adaptive control feature?

<p>To automatically take the necessary measures to avoid exceeding a certain engine temperature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of sensors are used to measure engine speed in a FADEC system?

<p>Pulse probes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using a FADEC system in an aircraft engine?

<p>It allows the manufacturer to program engine limitations and receive engine health and maintenance reports (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the fuel flow control component in a FADEC system?

<p>To control fuel flow to the engine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the FADEC system's prognostic feature?

<p>To predict engine maintenance requirements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the FADEC system's air data computer (ADC) in a FADEC system?

<p>It provides air data to the FADEC system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using a FADEC system with a centralized arrangement of servo-valves in the HMU?

<p>It allows for more efficient engine control and monitoring (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the FADEC system's diagnostic feature?

<p>To identify engine faults and provide repair recommendations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

FADEC System

A digital engine control system that provides automatic control, fault detection, and engine health monitoring.

FADEC Function

Autonomous engine control from start to shut-down, in normal and fault conditions.

FADEC Components

Includes MPC units, sensors (temp, pressure, speed), harnesses, throttle, and Health Status Annunciator.

MPC Units

The main control units in a FADEC system (MPC-1 and MPC-2).

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Sensors (FADEC)

Engine sensors measuring essential variables like temperature, pressure, speed, and fuel.

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Input Variables

Data like air density, throttle position, and engine pressures, sent to the FADEC.

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Engine Operating Parameters

Calculated values (e.g., fuel flow, vane position) based on input data.

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Engine Starting/Restarting (FADEC)

FADEC controls engine startup and restarting procedures.

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Engine Efficiency

FADEC maximizes engine efficiency for a given flight condition.

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Engine Limitations

Programmable restrictions on engine operation set by the manufacturer.

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Engine Health/Maintenance Reports

Reports provided by FADEC about the engine's condition.

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EEC (Electric Engine Control)

Core component of FADEC, handling many engine control functions.

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FMU/HMU

Fuel or hybrid monitoring unit, part of FADEC system.

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FADEC Alternator

Provides power to the FADEC during electrical failure.

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Airflow Control

Maintaining optimal engine operation across various flight conditions.

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VIGVs/VSVs

Variable inlet/stator vanes for controlling airflow.

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FCU/FMU

Hydro-mechanical device controlling fuel flow according to pilot demand.

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Hydro-mechanical Control

Engine control systems used before 1970, using hydraulics and mechanics.

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Electronic/Hydro-mechanical Control

Engine control systems from 1970-1990, combining electronics and hydraulics.

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Engine Surge

An unstable engine condition, often prevented by airflow control systems.

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Study Notes

FADEC System Overview

  • FADEC (Full Authority Digital Engine Control) system is a type of engine control system that enables flexible and complex control, fault detection and accommodation, continual health monitoring, and airframe interface.
  • FADEC system provides reduced weight and cost, increased reliability, and fault reporting to flight and maintenance crews.

FADEC Background

  • FADEC system is able to autonomously control the engine throughout its whole operating range from demanded engine start until demanded engine shutdown, in both normal and fault conditions.
  • It comprises of Electric Engine Control (EEC) and other accessories that control all aspects of aircraft engine.

FADEC Components

  • Two Master Power Control Units (MPC-1 and MPC-2)
  • Sensors for manifold temperature and pressure, cylinder head temperature (CHT), exhaust gas temperature (EGT), speed, and fuel pressure
  • Low and high voltage harness
  • Throttle body assembly
  • Health Status Annunciator (HSA)
  • Fuel injection system

How FADEC Works

  • FADEC receives multiple input variables of the current flight condition including air density, throttle lever position, engine temperatures, and engine pressures.
  • It computes engine operating parameters such as fuel flow, stator vane position, and bleed valve position from this data and applies them as appropriate.
  • FADEC controls engine starting and restarting, and provides optimum engine efficiency for a given flight condition.
  • It allows the manufacturer to program engine limitations and receive engine health and maintenance reports.

FADEC System Architecture

  • Contains EEC, sensors, and fuel metering unit (FMU) or hybrid monitoring unit (HMU)
  • EEC is the core of the system
  • FADEC alternator provides power supply in case of electrical power failure from the aircraft.

Data and Sensors

  • Sensors located within the gas turbine engine measure throttle position, air data, total temperature, engine speed, engine temperature, pressure ratio, nozzle position, fuel flow, and air flow control.
  • Signals from sensors are transmitted to the FADEC system for processing and control.

Air Flow Control

  • Air flow control is used to maintain efficient operation over a wide range of environmental conditions and to maintain a safe margin from the engine surge line.
  • It can be controlled through variable inlet guide vanes (VIGVs) or variable stator vanes (VSVs).

FCU/FMU

  • Fuel control unit (FCU) or fuel management unit (FMU) is used to maintain conditions demanded by the pilot.
  • It is a hydro-mechanical device mounted on the engine that contains valves to direct fuel and restrict fuel flow, pneumatic capsules to modify flows according to prevailing atmospheric conditions, and dashpot/spring/damper combinations to control acceleration and deceleration rates.

Evolution of Engine Control System

  • Prior to 1970: Evolution of Hydro-mechanical Control
  • 1970 – 1990: Evolution of Electronic/Hydro-mechanical Control
  • After 1990: Evolution of FADEC

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Engine Control System PDF

Description

Compare and contrast hydro-mechanical and FADEC systems, including their components and reliability. Learn about the Fuel Flow Regulator and Fuel Metering Unit in aircraft fuel control.

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