Hydraulic Actuators and Fluid Power

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Questions and Answers

What type of motion do hydraulic cylinders primarily produce?

  • Partial rotation
  • Rotational motion
  • Linear motion (correct)
  • Complex harmonic motion

Which parameter is crucial for determining the force output of a hydraulic cylinder?

  • The piston area and applied pressure (correct)
  • The ambient temperature
  • The type of hydraulic fluid used
  • The cylinder's color

What does a double-acting cylinder allow compared to a single-acting cylinder?

  • Precise speed control
  • The ability to store hydraulic energy
  • Movement in only one direction
  • Movement in both directions under hydraulic power (correct)

If the piston area in a hydraulic cylinder is doubled while the pressure remains constant, what happens to the force output?

<p>Doubles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In hydraulic systems, what does the term 'torque' refer to?

<p>Rotational force exerted by a motor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hydraulic actuator is most suitable for applications requiring continuous rotation?

<p>Hydraulic motor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A hydraulic motor's speed is directly proportional to which of the following?

<p>Input flow rate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of knowing the cylinder volume?

<p>To determine the amount of fluid required to fully extend the cylinder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What configuration is best suited when a rotary actuator needs to operate within a limited range of motion, such as for precise positioning?

<p>A vane type actuator (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor primarily affects the linear speed of a piston rod in a hydraulic cylinder, assuming constant fluid pressure?

<p>The fluid flow rate into the cylinder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is directly proportional to the torque output of a hydraulic motor?

<p>The displacement per revolution and the pressure of the fluid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a hydraulic system, what adjustment can increase the power output of a hydraulic motor without changing its displacement?

<p>Increasing the system pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between flow rate and area with respect to velocity?

<p>$V = Q / A$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of hydraulic cylinder equations, what does 'stroke' refer to?

<p>The distance the piston travels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation to calculate cylinder volume?

<p>$V_{cylinder} = Area_{piston} * Length_{stroke}$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating pressure?

<p>$P = \frac{Force}{Area}$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating Piston area?

<p>$A = \frac{(\pi)(D^2)}{4}$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the material, what is the formula for calculating Torque (lb. in)?

<p>$Torque = \frac{psi * motor displacement (in^3)}{2\pi}$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is hydraulic horsepower calculated?

<p>$horsepower = gpm * psi * 0.000583$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the material, what equals 1 hp?

<p>$1 hp = 550 \frac{lb.ft}{s}$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Hydraulic Actuators

Hydraulic actuators transform hydraulic pressure energy into mechanical work.

Linear Actuators

Linear actuators produce motion in a straight line using hydraulic cylinders.

Rotary Actuators

Rotary actuators produce circular motion, useful for turning or rotating objects.

Cylinder Volume Definition

A cylinder's volume is the area of its piston multiplied by the stroke length.

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Pressure Equation

Pressure equals force divided by area (P = F/A).

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Torque Definition

Torque equals force times the distance from the shaft (T = F * d).

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Flow rate

The measure of hydraulic fluid flow rate.

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Hydraulic Motor

Hydraulic motor converts fluid pressure and flow into rotational force and speed.

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Motor Shaft Speed

The speed at which the motor's shaft rotates, measured in revolutions per minute (RPM).

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Motor Displacement

Describes how much fluid a motor displaces per revolution.

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Hydraulic Torque

Torque is the rotational force produced by a hydraulic motor.

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Hydraulic Power

Power in hydraulic systems is pressure multiplied by flow rate (P = P*Q).

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Single Acting Cylinder

Cylinders with a single port for fluid entry or exit.

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Double Acting Cylinder

Single acting has one port, double acting has two.

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Rack and Pinion

Rack and pinion converts rotational motion from a gear to linear motion.

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Vane type

Fluid flows into and out of chamber

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Study Notes

  • Hydraulic actuators and Fluid Power are discussed

Topics covered

  • Types of hydraulic actuators
  • Cylinders
  • Hydraulic Motors
  • Torque
  • Rotary actuators
  • Equations of force, power, and motion

Types of Hydraulic Actuators

  • Linear motion is done using hydraulic cylinders
  • Hydraulic motors create circular motion(0 to 360 degrees)
  • Rotary Actuators produce partial rotation

Cylinders

  • Cylinders are single or double acting
  • The formula for pressure exerted by a cylinder is Force/Area
  • The formula for piston area is (pi * D^2)/4
  • Pascal's Law applies

Cylinder Volume

  • Volume displaced when piston is pressed
  • V(cylinder) = Area(piston) * Length(stroke)
  • The displaced volume = Q * time

General Equations

  • Q = Velocity * Area
  • V = Q/A

Hydraulic Motor

  • A hydraulic motor consists of a vane, housing, inlet and outlet ports, shaft, rotor, etc

Hydraulics Motor Shaft Speed

  • Motor shaft speed(rpm) = flow rate / motor displacement in appropriate units

Hydraulic Motor Torque

  • Torque = force x distance from shaft
  • Torque = Pressure x Displacement
  • T = r * P * A

Hydraulic Motor Power

  • Power = Work done per unit time
  • Hydraulic horsepower = gpm x psi x 0.000583
  • watts = horsepower x 746

Rotary Actuators

  • Straight line motion implemented using cylinders, rotary motion made with motors
  • Actuators are designed to provide specific rotation degrees
  • They produce much higher torque and occupy less space
  • Mounting is simple
  • Linear cylinders are not safe, susceptible to side loads and torque is not constant
  • Shrouded cylinders produce more torque and have no pivot
  • Designs include Rack and Pinion, Skotch Yoke, and Vane type

Summary of Equations

  • Torque (lb. in) = (psi x motor displacement (in³)) / 2Ï€
  • Torque (N m) = (bar x motor displacement (cm³)) / 20Ï€
  • Motor shaft speed = (gpm x 231)/motor displacement (in³/rev)
  • Motor shaft speed = (lpm x 1000)/motor displacement (cm³/rev)
  • Rod Speed(in/min) = (gpm x 231)/piston area (in²)
  • Rod Speed(m/sec) = (lpm x 0.1667)/piston area (cm²)
  • Horsepower = gpm × psi × 0.000583
  • Watts = horsepower × 746
  • Kilowatt = (rpm × torque (N m)) / 9543
  • Horsepower = (rpm × torque (lb. in)) / 63,025

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