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What is the primary mechanism of action of phenytoin?
What is the primary mechanism of action of phenytoin?
What is a common side effect of phenytoin that can be prevented with diligent oral hygiene?
What is a common side effect of phenytoin that can be prevented with diligent oral hygiene?
What is a contraindication for phenytoin therapy?
What is a contraindication for phenytoin therapy?
What is a laboratory test that should be monitored in patients taking phenytoin?
What is a laboratory test that should be monitored in patients taking phenytoin?
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What is a critical instruction that should be given to patients taking phenytoin?
What is a critical instruction that should be given to patients taking phenytoin?
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What is a potential long-term effect of phenytoin therapy?
What is a potential long-term effect of phenytoin therapy?
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What is a serious side effect of phenytoin that requires immediate medical attention?
What is a serious side effect of phenytoin that requires immediate medical attention?
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What is an important instruction for patients taking phenytoin who are planning to travel?
What is an important instruction for patients taking phenytoin who are planning to travel?
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Match the following side effects with the medication phenytoin:
Match the following side effects with the medication phenytoin:
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Match the following symptoms with signs of phenytoin toxicity:
Match the following symptoms with signs of phenytoin toxicity:
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Match the following cautions with patient conditions for phenytoin therapy:
Match the following cautions with patient conditions for phenytoin therapy:
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Match the following symptoms with potential psychological effects of phenytoin:
Match the following symptoms with potential psychological effects of phenytoin:
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Match the following instructions with patient teaching for phenytoin therapy:
Match the following instructions with patient teaching for phenytoin therapy:
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Match the following symptoms with their corresponding effects on the body due to phenytoin:
Match the following symptoms with their corresponding effects on the body due to phenytoin:
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Match the following precautions with actions for patients taking phenytoin:
Match the following precautions with actions for patients taking phenytoin:
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Match the following surveillance tasks with recommendations for phenytoin therapy:
Match the following surveillance tasks with recommendations for phenytoin therapy:
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Match the following laboratory tests with their corresponding purposes in patients taking phenytoin:
Match the following laboratory tests with their corresponding purposes in patients taking phenytoin:
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Match the following patient instructions with their corresponding purposes in patients taking phenytoin:
Match the following patient instructions with their corresponding purposes in patients taking phenytoin:
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Match the following symptoms with their corresponding effects on the body due to phenytoin:
Match the following symptoms with their corresponding effects on the body due to phenytoin:
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Match the following patient groups with their corresponding cautions for phenytoin therapy:
Match the following patient groups with their corresponding cautions for phenytoin therapy:
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Match the following patient teaching instructions with their corresponding purposes in patients taking phenytoin:
Match the following patient teaching instructions with their corresponding purposes in patients taking phenytoin:
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Match the following symptoms with their corresponding signs of phenytoin toxicity:
Match the following symptoms with their corresponding signs of phenytoin toxicity:
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Match the following instructions with their corresponding purposes in patients taking phenytoin:
Match the following instructions with their corresponding purposes in patients taking phenytoin:
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Match the following symptoms with their corresponding potential complications of phenytoin therapy:
Match the following symptoms with their corresponding potential complications of phenytoin therapy:
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Study Notes
Mechanism of Action
- Phenytoin primarily acts by stabilizing neuronal membranes through the inhibition of sodium channels, thereby reducing excitability.
Side Effects
- A common side effect of phenytoin is gingival hyperplasia, which can be mitigated by maintaining good oral hygiene.
Contraindications
- Phenytoin therapy is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to the drug or its components.
Laboratory Monitoring
- Patients taking phenytoin should have their serum levels monitored to ensure therapeutic effectiveness and prevent toxicity.
Patient Instructions
- Patients should be advised to take phenytoin consistently at the same time each day to maintain stable drug levels.
Long-Term Effects
- Long-term use of phenytoin may lead to bone density loss and an increased risk of osteoporosis.
Serious Side Effects
- Signs of severe skin reactions, such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome, require immediate medical attention when taking phenytoin.
Travel Instructions
- Patients should be instructed to carry their medication in original containers and ensure they have enough supply for their travels to avoid missed doses.
Matching Symptoms with Side Effects and Toxicity
- Side effects including dizziness and drowsiness may indicate toxicity, necessitating prompt evaluation.
Psychological Effects
- Chronic use of phenytoin can lead to cognitive impairment or mood changes, which should be monitored.
Patient Cautions
- Special caution should be exercised in patients with hepatic impairment, as phenytoin is metabolized by the liver and can accumulate.
Surveillance Recommendations
- Regular monitoring of complete blood counts may help detect any hematologic abnormalities associated with phenytoin use.
Purpose of Laboratory Tests
- Liver function tests are important to monitor due to potential hepatotoxicity from phenytoin.
Patient Teaching
- Educating patients on the importance of avoiding abrupt discontinuation of phenytoin to prevent seizure recurrence is crucial.
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