Hybrid Machines and Computer Classifications

Questions and Answers

Which type of terminal has full processing capabilities and can function independently of a mainframe computer?

Intelligent terminal (correct)

Basic terminal

Smart terminal

Dumb terminal

What device allows a user to draw directly on a screen?

Trackball

Light pen (correct)

Joystick

Mouse

Which input hardware device uses a ball mounted in a box to control the cursor?

Joystick

Trackball (correct)

Light pen

Mouse

What type of input device is a barcode reader classified as?

Scanning device Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following devices is NOT considered a pointing device?

Scanner Signup and view all the answers

What event is largely credited with marking the beginning of the Information Age?

Claude E. Shannon's paper on information theory Signup and view all the answers

Which term is NOT commonly associated with the Information Age?

Agricultural Age Signup and view all the answers

How did the World Wide Web initially serve businesses?

As an electronic billboard Signup and view all the answers

Which technological advancement significantly accelerated information processing during the Information Age?

Advancements in microprocessors Signup and view all the answers

What was one major outcome of the digitization of information?

Transformation in traditional media businesses Signup and view all the answers

What role did email play during the Information Age?

Served as the primary platform for immediate information exchange Signup and view all the answers

Who is recognized as the 'father of Information Theory'?

Claude E. Shannon Signup and view all the answers

What defined the major shift in communication during the Information Age?

Instantaneous electronic communications Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary capability that distinguishes supercomputers from other types of computers?

They execute trillions of instructions per second. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of computer is known for being large-sized and enabling multiple user access to resources?

Mainframe computers Signup and view all the answers

How do minicomputers compare to mainframe computers?

They are general-purpose devices with lower processing power. Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic makes microcomputers the most widely used type of computer?

They are small, inexpensive, and user-friendly. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes minicomputers?

They became popular due to their affordability compared to mainframes. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of hybrid machines?

They contain equipment to convert between analog and digital voltages. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of computer is most likely referred to as 'big iron'?

Mainframe computers Signup and view all the answers

Which of these computers would typically have the least processing power?

Microcomputers Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the Digital Age?

A transition to a knowledge-based economy. Signup and view all the answers

Which development occurred in the 1970s?

The first home computer was released. Signup and view all the answers

What notable invention was created by Tim Berners-Lee?

The World Wide Web. Signup and view all the answers

In which decade did computers start becoming semi-ubiquitous?

1980s Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly reflects the early developments of the Digital Age?

Computer systems were developed to automate mathematical operations in the late 1940s. Signup and view all the answers

What shift occurred in the 2000s regarding cell phones?

Cell phones became more common than in the 1990s. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the timeframe of the Internet Age?

The time after the public gained access to the Internet. Signup and view all the answers

What key societal change occurred during the Digital Age?

An increase in information availability. Signup and view all the answers

What has been one significant change in communication due to the new media age?

Minimized face-to-face communication Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential negative effect of 'text lingo' on communication?

Negative impact on spelling and grammar abilities Signup and view all the answers

What role do independent news bloggers play in the new media age?

They provide real-time reporting without traditional biases. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as a new problem associated with new media?

Virtual Reality Education Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the new opportunities offered by the new media age?

Cyber Entrepreneurship Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hybrid Machines and Their Functionality

Hybrid machines efficiently tackle specialized problems in science and engineering.
They feature equipment that converts analog voltages to digital and vice versa.

Classification of Computers by Capacity

Supercomputers:
- Renowned for speed and accuracy, solving complex mathematical computations.
- Execute trillions of instructions per second measured in FLOPS (Floating Point Operations Per Second).
Mainframe Computers:
- Large and powerful, designed for high-volume data handling.
- Serve multiple users simultaneously, often referred to as "big iron."
- Commonly used in business environments for resource access.
Minicomputers:
- General-purpose devices, less expensive than mainframes.
- Processing power above personal computers but below mainframes.
- Popular in the late 1960s; diminished due to the rise of personal computers.
Microcomputers:
- Smallest and most affordable computers, commonly known as PCs.
- Limited processing power and memory compared to larger systems.
- Composed of typical components like a keyboard, display screen, and a communication link.

Types of Terminals

Dumb Terminals: Input data and receive information only.
Smart Terminals: Capable of both input and output; possess limited processing capabilities.
Intelligent Terminals: Fully functional microcomputers with communication links.

Input Hardware Components

Direct-Entry Devices: Include various pointing devices such as mouses, trackballs, and joysticks for user input.
Light Pen and Digitizing Tablets: Enable direct drawing on screens and sketching images digitally.
Pen-Based Systems: Use stylus to capture handwriting and marks.
Scanning Devices: Translate images and text into data for computer understanding.
Bar Code Readers: Convert bar code symbols into digital forms.

Concept of the Information Age

Defined by access to and control of information, marking a significant era in civilization.
Often referred to as the Computer Age, Digital Age, or New Media Age.
Initiated by Claude E. Shannon's work on information theory, introducing binary encoding of information.

Milestones in the Information Age

1970s marked by Internet development and rises of personal computers, initiating the Digital Revolution.
Advancements like fiber optics and faster microprocessors enhanced data transmission and processing.
Emergence of the World Wide Web transformed information exchange and communication methods.

The Digital Age Overview

Represents a shift from an industrialized to a knowledge-based economy, beginning in the 20th century.
Intersects with the Internet Age, signifying changes in information access and global communication.

Digital Age Timeline

1940s: Foundations of information science.
Late 1940s: Initial computer systems automate mathematical operations.
1970s: Launch of first home computers and video game consoles.
1980s: Computers become common in homes and businesses.
Late 1980s - 1990s: Introduction of the World Wide Web publicly and its quick rise in popular culture.
2000s: Surge in cell phone technology and text messaging popularity, fostering global digital engagement.

Emergence of the New Media Age

Transformed communication through faster, electronic means such as email, instant messaging, and social media.
Criticisms arise around the impact on spelling and grammar among users due to the prevalence of "text lingo."

Impacts of New Media

Enhanced accessibility of information for individuals and organizations.
Utilization of platforms like Twitter and Google by news networks for real-time reporting.
The rise of independent news bloggers providing unbiased reporting contrasted with traditional media.

Challenges and Opportunities in New Media

New Problems:
- Issues like multi-identity, cybercrime, privacy concerns, and hate speech.
New Horizons:
- Virtual socialization, cyber entrepreneurship, new business models, and global political movements.

Future Perspective on New Media

Continuous evolution in job creation and content formats driven by advancements in new media technologies.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Explore the fascinating world of hybrid machines and their functionality in science and engineering. Learn about the various classifications of computers, including supercomputers, mainframes, minicomputers, and microcomputers, and their distinct roles in modern technology.