Oxygenator Foundations
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Questions and Answers

Which type of oxygenator is more prone to thrombosis and microemboli?

  • Direct membrane oxygenators
  • Countercurrent oxygenators
  • Direct contact oxygenators (correct)
  • Concurrent oxygenators

    • Which type of flow allows for increased transfer of X across the barrier throughout the entire length of the system?

  • Countercurrent flow (correct)
  • Parallel flow
  • Reverse flow
  • Concurrent flow

    • What is the purpose of the sweep gas in an oxygenator?

  • To maximize gas exchange
  • To increase the resistance
  • To remove CO2 from the blood (correct)
  • To decrease the gradient across the membrane

    • What is the concentration of X at equilibrium in a concurrent flow system?

    <p>50%:50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between bubble diameter and available surface area for gas exchange in the blood?

    <p>Inversely proportional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equivalent physiological function of the sweep gas in an oxygenator?

    <p>Minute ventilation of native lung function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the advantages of using a membrane oxygenator over bubble oxygenators?

    <p>Reduced damage and thrombosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of monitoring the function of the oxygenator during a surgical procedure?

    <p>To detect rising pressure indicating a clot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which material is commonly used to make microporous hollow fiber oxygenators?

    <p>Polypropylene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of increasing the length of the blood path in microporous membrane oxygenators?

    <p>To create more effective surface area for gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the oxygenator?

    <p>Oxygen is transported on amine groups of plasma proteins, while carbon dioxide is quickly converted to bicarbonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the predetermined 'rated flow' in modern oxygenators?

    <p>To determine the maximum flow rate that will still allow appropriate oxygenation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Fick's First Law of Diffusion, the movement of O2 and CO2 across a barrier will be in the direction of higher to lower concentration (partial pressure) with a magnitude that is proportional to the gradient, and proportional to the area involved, and inversely proportional to the diffusion coefficient or 'diffusivity.'

    <p>The movement of O2 and CO2 across a barrier is in the direction of higher to lower concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what factors contribute to efficient gas diffusion in an oxygenator?

    <p>Low pressure drop and high surface area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the concentration of CO2 is higher in the blood stream than in the ambient air, what will the sweep gas flow across the oxygenator do?

    <p>It will efficiently remove CO2 from the blood stream to the ambient air.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equation represents Fick's First Law of Diffusion?

    <p>J = -D(Do/dx)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the diffusion coefficient and the diffusivity?

    <p>The diffusion coefficient is proportional to the diffusivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors contribute to efficient gas diffusion in an oxygenator?

    <p>Low pressure drop across the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the sweep gas in an oxygenator?

    <p>To maximize gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equivalent physiological function of the sweep gas in an oxygenator?

    <p>Minute ventilation of native lung function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of increasing the gradient across the membrane in an oxygenator?

    <p>To increase gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of monitoring the function of the oxygenator during a surgical procedure?

    <p>To detect clot or malfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of microporous membrane oxygenators in the operating room?

    <p>To provide short-term use with small devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using microporous hollow fiber oxygenators over silicone membrane oxygenators?

    <p>They have lower resistance and require lower priming volumes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the pores in the fibers of microporous membrane oxygenators when exposed to blood?

    <p>They become coated with plasma proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of increasing the length of the blood path in microporous membrane oxygenators?

    <p>To create more effective surface area for gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of countercurrent flow in a system with two parallel tubes filled with fluid or gas separated by a permeable membrane?

    <p>To increase the efficiency of molecule exchange across the barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the priming volume in an oxygenator?

    <p>To fill the blood phase of the device and the integrated heat exchanger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of the oxygen reference blood flow in an oxygenator?

    <p>The flow rate of whole blood at normothermia that will increase the oxygen content of venous blood by 45 mL/L of flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using a membrane oxygenator over bubble oxygenators?

    <p>Reduced damage and thrombosis, and reduction of gaseous emboli</p> Signup and view all the answers

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