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What is the term for the constriction of the pupil when a near target is presented?
What is the term for a relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD)?
What is the term for damage to the parasympathetic pathway resulting in small, non-reactive pupils?
What is the term for a condition characterized by a dilated pupil that reacts poorly to light and has a strong near reaction?
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What is the term for a condition characterized by ptosis, miosis, and facial anhydrosis?
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What is the term for a condition where the pupil of one eye is fixed and widely dilated due to a central nervous system lesion?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Adie's Tonic Pupil?
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What is the term for a test that involves swinging a flashlight between both eyes to observe for a relative afferent pupillary defect?
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Which of the following is a common cause of Horner's Syndrome?
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What is the term for the reaction of the pupil to light, where the contralateral pupil constricts in response to light stimulus?
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What is Hutchinson's Pupil associated with?
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What is the stage of Hutchinson's Pupil characterized by bilateral pupillary dilatation?
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What is the result of parasympathetic fibers being irritated on the side of injury in Stage 1 of Hutchinson's Pupil?
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What is the clinical manifestation of Cranial Nerve III Palsy?
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What is Anterior Junctional Syndrome also known as?
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What is the result of a junctional lesion in Anterior Junctional Syndrome?
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Which of the following is NOT a stage of Hutchinson's Pupil?
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What is the anatomical location affected in Anterior Junctional Syndrome?
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Study Notes
Hutchinson's Pupil
- Named after Sir Jonathan Hutchinson
- Seen in cases of cerebral compression
- Three stages of pupillary response:
- Stage 1: Constricted pupil on the side of injury, normal size on the opposite side
- Stage 2: Dilated pupil on the side of injury, constricted pupil on the opposite side
- Stage 3: Bilateral pupillary dilatation, pupils become fixed, indicating a grave prognosis
Cranial Nerve III Palsy
- Oculomotor neuropathy
- Description: Eye condition resulting from damage to the third cranial nerve or a branch thereof
- Clinical manifestations:
- Limitations of ocular movements
- Droopy eyelids
- Dilated pupil
Anterior Junctional Syndrome
- Also known as Anterior Junctional Scotoma
- Affects the junction of the optic nerve and chiasm
- Causes:
- Ipsilateral optic neuropathy with loss of visual acuity and color vision
- Relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD)
The Pupil
- Definition: An opening at the center of the eye, generally circular in shape, formed by the iris
- Control: Muscles of the iris
- Characteristics:
- Appears black due to the underlying structure of the eye
- Physiological pupil width: size of the pupil in normal room illumination
- Photo-pupil reflex: reaction of pupil to light
- Pupillary unrest: continuous movement of the pupil
- Unequal pupil size: indication of a defect in the pupillary pathway
Pupillary Reflexes
- Direct and Consensual Light Reflex:
- Signal is passed to both sides of the midbrain, allowing light information to be passed on to both pupils equally
- Direct Light Reflex: Constriction of the ipsilateral pupil to the light stimulus
- Consensual Light Reflex: Constriction of the contralateral pupil to the light stimulus
- Accommodative Reflex: Constriction of the pupil when a near target is presented
- Swinging Flashlight Test: Used to observe for the presence of Marcus Gunn pupil
Pupillary Conditions
- Marcus Gunn Response:
- Relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD)
- Caused by damage to the afferent pathway (retinal ganglion cells to optic chiasm) of one eye
- Adie's Tonic Pupil:
- Damage to the ciliary ganglion or postganglionic fibers of the short ciliary nerve (parasympathetic pathway problem)
- Unilateral, common in females
- Characteristics: dilated pupil, poor direct and consensual response, strong near reaction
- Argyll Robertson Pupil:
- Damage to the parasympathetic pathway
- Possible causes: neurosyphilis, long-term diabetes, or alcoholism
- Characteristics: small pupils, poor or no response to light, swift response to near (light-near dissociation)
- Horner's Syndrome:
- Pupillodilator dysfunction
- Damage to the sympathetic pathway
- Common cause: lung cancer
- Signs: ptosis, miosis, facial anhydrosis, iris heterochromia
- Pupil reacts normally to light and near
- Fixed Pupil:
- Caused by a lesion in the central nervous system (3rd nerve lesion)
- Characteristics: reflectively fixed and widely dilated pupil on the side of the lesion, while the other pupil contracts
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Description
A quiz about Hutchinson's Pupil, a medical condition characterized by pupil changes in response to cerebral compression.
