Hutchinson's Pupil
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for the constriction of the pupil when a near target is presented?

  • Swinging Flashlight Test
  • Accommodative Reflex (correct)
  • Consensual Light Reflex
  • Direct Light Reflex

    • What is the term for a relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD)?

  • Horner's Syndrome
  • Marcus Gunn Response (correct)
  • Argyll Robertson Pupil
  • Adie's Tonic Pupil

    • What is the term for damage to the parasympathetic pathway resulting in small, non-reactive pupils?

  • Argyll Robertson Pupil (correct)
  • Fixed Pupil
  • Horner's Syndrome
  • Adie's Tonic Pupil

    • What is the term for a condition characterized by a dilated pupil that reacts poorly to light and has a strong near reaction?

    <p>Adie's Tonic Pupil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a condition characterized by ptosis, miosis, and facial anhydrosis?

    <p>Horner's Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a condition where the pupil of one eye is fixed and widely dilated due to a central nervous system lesion?

    <p>Fixed Pupil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Adie's Tonic Pupil?

    <p>Rapid pupil dilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a test that involves swinging a flashlight between both eyes to observe for a relative afferent pupillary defect?

    <p>Swinging Flashlight Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common cause of Horner's Syndrome?

    <p>Lung cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the reaction of the pupil to light, where the contralateral pupil constricts in response to light stimulus?

    <p>Consensual Light Reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Hutchinson's Pupil associated with?

    <p>Cerebral compression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stage of Hutchinson's Pupil characterized by bilateral pupillary dilatation?

    <p>Stage 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of parasympathetic fibers being irritated on the side of injury in Stage 1 of Hutchinson's Pupil?

    <p>Constriction of the pupil on the same side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical manifestation of Cranial Nerve III Palsy?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Anterior Junctional Syndrome also known as?

    <p>Anterior Junctional Scotoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a junctional lesion in Anterior Junctional Syndrome?

    <p>Ipsilateral optic neuropathy with loss of visual acuity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a stage of Hutchinson's Pupil?

    <p>Stage 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the anatomical location affected in Anterior Junctional Syndrome?

    <p>Junction of the optic nerve and chiasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Hutchinson's Pupil

    • Named after Sir Jonathan Hutchinson
    • Seen in cases of cerebral compression
    • Three stages of pupillary response:
      • Stage 1: Constricted pupil on the side of injury, normal size on the opposite side
      • Stage 2: Dilated pupil on the side of injury, constricted pupil on the opposite side
      • Stage 3: Bilateral pupillary dilatation, pupils become fixed, indicating a grave prognosis

    Cranial Nerve III Palsy

    • Oculomotor neuropathy
    • Description: Eye condition resulting from damage to the third cranial nerve or a branch thereof
    • Clinical manifestations:
      • Limitations of ocular movements
      • Droopy eyelids
      • Dilated pupil

    Anterior Junctional Syndrome

    • Also known as Anterior Junctional Scotoma
    • Affects the junction of the optic nerve and chiasm
    • Causes:
      • Ipsilateral optic neuropathy with loss of visual acuity and color vision
      • Relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD)

    The Pupil

    • Definition: An opening at the center of the eye, generally circular in shape, formed by the iris
    • Control: Muscles of the iris
    • Characteristics:
      • Appears black due to the underlying structure of the eye
      • Physiological pupil width: size of the pupil in normal room illumination
      • Photo-pupil reflex: reaction of pupil to light
      • Pupillary unrest: continuous movement of the pupil
      • Unequal pupil size: indication of a defect in the pupillary pathway

    Pupillary Reflexes

    • Direct and Consensual Light Reflex:
      • Signal is passed to both sides of the midbrain, allowing light information to be passed on to both pupils equally
    • Direct Light Reflex: Constriction of the ipsilateral pupil to the light stimulus
    • Consensual Light Reflex: Constriction of the contralateral pupil to the light stimulus
    • Accommodative Reflex: Constriction of the pupil when a near target is presented
    • Swinging Flashlight Test: Used to observe for the presence of Marcus Gunn pupil

    Pupillary Conditions

    • Marcus Gunn Response:
      • Relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD)
      • Caused by damage to the afferent pathway (retinal ganglion cells to optic chiasm) of one eye
    • Adie's Tonic Pupil:
      • Damage to the ciliary ganglion or postganglionic fibers of the short ciliary nerve (parasympathetic pathway problem)
      • Unilateral, common in females
      • Characteristics: dilated pupil, poor direct and consensual response, strong near reaction
    • Argyll Robertson Pupil:
      • Damage to the parasympathetic pathway
      • Possible causes: neurosyphilis, long-term diabetes, or alcoholism
      • Characteristics: small pupils, poor or no response to light, swift response to near (light-near dissociation)
    • Horner's Syndrome:
      • Pupillodilator dysfunction
      • Damage to the sympathetic pathway
      • Common cause: lung cancer
      • Signs: ptosis, miosis, facial anhydrosis, iris heterochromia
      • Pupil reacts normally to light and near
    • Fixed Pupil:
      • Caused by a lesion in the central nervous system (3rd nerve lesion)
      • Characteristics: reflectively fixed and widely dilated pupil on the side of the lesion, while the other pupil contracts

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    Description

    A quiz about Hutchinson's Pupil, a medical condition characterized by pupil changes in response to cerebral compression.

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