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Questions and Answers
What is the term for the constriction of the pupil when a near target is presented?
What is the term for the constriction of the pupil when a near target is presented?
What is the term for a relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD)?
What is the term for a relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD)?
What is the term for damage to the parasympathetic pathway resulting in small, non-reactive pupils?
What is the term for damage to the parasympathetic pathway resulting in small, non-reactive pupils?
What is the term for a condition characterized by a dilated pupil that reacts poorly to light and has a strong near reaction?
What is the term for a condition characterized by a dilated pupil that reacts poorly to light and has a strong near reaction?
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What is the term for a condition characterized by ptosis, miosis, and facial anhydrosis?
What is the term for a condition characterized by ptosis, miosis, and facial anhydrosis?
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What is the term for a condition where the pupil of one eye is fixed and widely dilated due to a central nervous system lesion?
What is the term for a condition where the pupil of one eye is fixed and widely dilated due to a central nervous system lesion?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Adie's Tonic Pupil?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Adie's Tonic Pupil?
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What is the term for a test that involves swinging a flashlight between both eyes to observe for a relative afferent pupillary defect?
What is the term for a test that involves swinging a flashlight between both eyes to observe for a relative afferent pupillary defect?
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Which of the following is a common cause of Horner's Syndrome?
Which of the following is a common cause of Horner's Syndrome?
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What is the term for the reaction of the pupil to light, where the contralateral pupil constricts in response to light stimulus?
What is the term for the reaction of the pupil to light, where the contralateral pupil constricts in response to light stimulus?
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What is Hutchinson's Pupil associated with?
What is Hutchinson's Pupil associated with?
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What is the stage of Hutchinson's Pupil characterized by bilateral pupillary dilatation?
What is the stage of Hutchinson's Pupil characterized by bilateral pupillary dilatation?
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What is the result of parasympathetic fibers being irritated on the side of injury in Stage 1 of Hutchinson's Pupil?
What is the result of parasympathetic fibers being irritated on the side of injury in Stage 1 of Hutchinson's Pupil?
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What is the clinical manifestation of Cranial Nerve III Palsy?
What is the clinical manifestation of Cranial Nerve III Palsy?
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What is Anterior Junctional Syndrome also known as?
What is Anterior Junctional Syndrome also known as?
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What is the result of a junctional lesion in Anterior Junctional Syndrome?
What is the result of a junctional lesion in Anterior Junctional Syndrome?
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Which of the following is NOT a stage of Hutchinson's Pupil?
Which of the following is NOT a stage of Hutchinson's Pupil?
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What is the anatomical location affected in Anterior Junctional Syndrome?
What is the anatomical location affected in Anterior Junctional Syndrome?
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Study Notes
Hutchinson's Pupil
- Named after Sir Jonathan Hutchinson
- Seen in cases of cerebral compression
- Three stages of pupillary response:
- Stage 1: Constricted pupil on the side of injury, normal size on the opposite side
- Stage 2: Dilated pupil on the side of injury, constricted pupil on the opposite side
- Stage 3: Bilateral pupillary dilatation, pupils become fixed, indicating a grave prognosis
Cranial Nerve III Palsy
- Oculomotor neuropathy
- Description: Eye condition resulting from damage to the third cranial nerve or a branch thereof
- Clinical manifestations:
- Limitations of ocular movements
- Droopy eyelids
- Dilated pupil
Anterior Junctional Syndrome
- Also known as Anterior Junctional Scotoma
- Affects the junction of the optic nerve and chiasm
- Causes:
- Ipsilateral optic neuropathy with loss of visual acuity and color vision
- Relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD)
The Pupil
- Definition: An opening at the center of the eye, generally circular in shape, formed by the iris
- Control: Muscles of the iris
- Characteristics:
- Appears black due to the underlying structure of the eye
- Physiological pupil width: size of the pupil in normal room illumination
- Photo-pupil reflex: reaction of pupil to light
- Pupillary unrest: continuous movement of the pupil
- Unequal pupil size: indication of a defect in the pupillary pathway
Pupillary Reflexes
- Direct and Consensual Light Reflex:
- Signal is passed to both sides of the midbrain, allowing light information to be passed on to both pupils equally
- Direct Light Reflex: Constriction of the ipsilateral pupil to the light stimulus
- Consensual Light Reflex: Constriction of the contralateral pupil to the light stimulus
- Accommodative Reflex: Constriction of the pupil when a near target is presented
- Swinging Flashlight Test: Used to observe for the presence of Marcus Gunn pupil
Pupillary Conditions
- Marcus Gunn Response:
- Relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD)
- Caused by damage to the afferent pathway (retinal ganglion cells to optic chiasm) of one eye
- Adie's Tonic Pupil:
- Damage to the ciliary ganglion or postganglionic fibers of the short ciliary nerve (parasympathetic pathway problem)
- Unilateral, common in females
- Characteristics: dilated pupil, poor direct and consensual response, strong near reaction
- Argyll Robertson Pupil:
- Damage to the parasympathetic pathway
- Possible causes: neurosyphilis, long-term diabetes, or alcoholism
- Characteristics: small pupils, poor or no response to light, swift response to near (light-near dissociation)
- Horner's Syndrome:
- Pupillodilator dysfunction
- Damage to the sympathetic pathway
- Common cause: lung cancer
- Signs: ptosis, miosis, facial anhydrosis, iris heterochromia
- Pupil reacts normally to light and near
- Fixed Pupil:
- Caused by a lesion in the central nervous system (3rd nerve lesion)
- Characteristics: reflectively fixed and widely dilated pupil on the side of the lesion, while the other pupil contracts
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Description
A quiz about Hutchinson's Pupil, a medical condition characterized by pupil changes in response to cerebral compression.
