Podcast
Questions and Answers
What were the two main categories of effects resulting from Hurricane Katrina?
What were the two main categories of effects resulting from Hurricane Katrina?
Primary and secondary effects.
Describe the relationship between New Orleans' population and socioeconomic status during the Hurricane Katrina evacuation.
Describe the relationship between New Orleans' population and socioeconomic status during the Hurricane Katrina evacuation.
The poorest 20-30 % of the population were forced to stay.
What were two immediate responses to Hurricane Katrina, and what challenges were faced?
What were two immediate responses to Hurricane Katrina, and what challenges were faced?
Evacuations and charity support. The challenges were lack of buses and aid distribution.
Besides rehousing programs, what was a key long-term response by the government after Hurricane Katrina?
Besides rehousing programs, what was a key long-term response by the government after Hurricane Katrina?
Explain the concept of interdependence within an ecosystem, using the Lea Valley pond as context.
Explain the concept of interdependence within an ecosystem, using the Lea Valley pond as context.
Describe a natural change that could disrupt the Lea Valley freshwater pond ecosystem, and explain its effect.
Describe a natural change that could disrupt the Lea Valley freshwater pond ecosystem, and explain its effect.
What is eutrophication and how does it affect a small freshwater pond like the one in Lea Valley?
What is eutrophication and how does it affect a small freshwater pond like the one in Lea Valley?
Identify two economic activities that contribute to deforestation in Malaysia and briefly explain why.
Identify two economic activities that contribute to deforestation in Malaysia and briefly explain why.
Explain how road building contributes to deforestation in Malaysia beyond the immediate area cleared for the road itself.
Explain how road building contributes to deforestation in Malaysia beyond the immediate area cleared for the road itself.
Describe one way deforestation contributes to climate change in Malaysia.
Describe one way deforestation contributes to climate change in Malaysia.
Explain how deforestation in Malaysia can lead to increased soil erosion.
Explain how deforestation in Malaysia can lead to increased soil erosion.
Give one economic incentive for continued deforestation in Malaysia despite its negative environmental impacts.
Give one economic incentive for continued deforestation in Malaysia despite its negative environmental impacts.
What type of coastal landform is Durdle Door, found in Dorset?
What type of coastal landform is Durdle Door, found in Dorset?
Describe the orientation of rock layers relative to the coastline that leads to the formation of Lulworth Cove.
Describe the orientation of rock layers relative to the coastline that leads to the formation of Lulworth Cove.
Outline the sequence of erosional landforms that have formed Old Harry Rocks, starting with a chalk headland.
Outline the sequence of erosional landforms that have formed Old Harry Rocks, starting with a chalk headland.
Besides sea walls, name one specific strategy used for coastal management in Lyme Regis.
Besides sea walls, name one specific strategy used for coastal management in Lyme Regis.
Identify one positive and one potentially negative outcome of the coastal management scheme in Lyme Regis.
Identify one positive and one potentially negative outcome of the coastal management scheme in Lyme Regis.
Name a landform found in the upper course of the River Tees.
Name a landform found in the upper course of the River Tees.
Describe a landform found in the middle course of the River Tees and explain its formation.
Describe a landform found in the middle course of the River Tees and explain its formation.
What river landform is specifically mentioned to have formed due to repeated flooding in the lower course of the River Tees?
What river landform is specifically mentioned to have formed due to repeated flooding in the lower course of the River Tees?
Name two specific strategies, besides flood walls, implemented in Banbury to manage flood risk.
Name two specific strategies, besides flood walls, implemented in Banbury to manage flood risk.
Apart from direct economic benefits, what is one social benefit of the Banbury flood management scheme?
Apart from direct economic benefits, what is one social benefit of the Banbury flood management scheme?
What is one environmental benefit resulting from the Banbury flood management scheme?
What is one environmental benefit resulting from the Banbury flood management scheme?
Name one specific economic activity that represents a development opportunity in the Thar Desert.
Name one specific economic activity that represents a development opportunity in the Thar Desert.
How does tourism provide a development opportunity for the Thar Desert?
How does tourism provide a development opportunity for the Thar Desert?
What two specific forms of energy development are being utilized in the Thar Desert?
What two specific forms of energy development are being utilized in the Thar Desert?
How has irrigation enabled farming to become a development opportunity in the Thar Desert?
How has irrigation enabled farming to become a development opportunity in the Thar Desert?
Describe one consequence of over-irrigation practices in parts of the Thar Desert.
Describe one consequence of over-irrigation practices in parts of the Thar Desert.
Explain how extreme temperatures pose a challenge to development in the Thar Desert.
Explain how extreme temperatures pose a challenge to development in the Thar Desert.
Why does the Thar Desert's inaccessibility pose a challenge to development?
Why does the Thar Desert's inaccessibility pose a challenge to development?
Name two ways Rio de Janeiro is important regionally.
Name two ways Rio de Janeiro is important regionally.
Give two reasons that Rio de Janeiro is nationally important to Brazil?
Give two reasons that Rio de Janeiro is nationally important to Brazil?
Name two examples of how Rio de Janeiro has established itself as internationally important.
Name two examples of how Rio de Janeiro has established itself as internationally important.
What kind of migration is putting pressure on services in Rio de Janeiro?
What kind of migration is putting pressure on services in Rio de Janeiro?
Name three examples of push factors from the countryside that cause rural to urban migration into Rio de Janeiro.
Name three examples of push factors from the countryside that cause rural to urban migration into Rio de Janeiro.
Describe one strategy used to stabilize cliffs as part of the Lyme Regis coastal management scheme.
Describe one strategy used to stabilize cliffs as part of the Lyme Regis coastal management scheme.
Name one iconic landmark located in Rio de Janeiro that contributes to its international recognition.
Name one iconic landmark located in Rio de Janeiro that contributes to its international recognition.
What valuable minerals can be extracted from the Thar Desert, and what are they used for?
What valuable minerals can be extracted from the Thar Desert, and what are they used for?
Which river management scheme aimed to alleviate the impact of flooding, and where is it located?
Which river management scheme aimed to alleviate the impact of flooding, and where is it located?
What challenges regarding water supply make development difficult in the Thar desert?
What challenges regarding water supply make development difficult in the Thar desert?
Explain how Hurricane Katrina's impact differed between the ocean and when it made landfall.
Explain how Hurricane Katrina's impact differed between the ocean and when it made landfall.
Describe the relationship between primary and secondary effects citing an example from Hurricane Katrina.
Describe the relationship between primary and secondary effects citing an example from Hurricane Katrina.
Explain why the poorest residents were disproportionately affected by Hurricane Katrina.
Explain why the poorest residents were disproportionately affected by Hurricane Katrina.
How did the long-term responses to Hurricane Katrina aim to mitigate future impacts?
How did the long-term responses to Hurricane Katrina aim to mitigate future impacts?
Describe the concept of 'interdependence' within an ecosystem, using the Lea Valley pond as an example.
Describe the concept of 'interdependence' within an ecosystem, using the Lea Valley pond as an example.
Explain how a drought could trigger a cascade of effects within a small freshwater pond ecosystem.
Explain how a drought could trigger a cascade of effects within a small freshwater pond ecosystem.
How can fertilizers lead to eutrophication and why is eutrophication bad?
How can fertilizers lead to eutrophication and why is eutrophication bad?
Compare the environmental impact of logging versus energy projects as causes of deforestation in Malaysia.
Compare the environmental impact of logging versus energy projects as causes of deforestation in Malaysia.
Explain how commercial farming has contributed to deforestation in Malaysia.
Explain how commercial farming has contributed to deforestation in Malaysia.
How does Deforestation contribute to climate change?
How does Deforestation contribute to climate change?
Justify why deforestation leads to loss of biodiversity.
Justify why deforestation leads to loss of biodiversity.
Explain how the removal of trees from the rainforest in Malaysia can lead to increased soil erosion.
Explain how the removal of trees from the rainforest in Malaysia can lead to increased soil erosion.
Assess the long-term economic benefits of deforestation, considering its environmental impacts.
Assess the long-term economic benefits of deforestation, considering its environmental impacts.
How does geology influence the coastal landforms found in Dorset?
How does geology influence the coastal landforms found in Dorset?
Describe the formation of Lulworth Cove and explain why it is associated with concordant coastlines.
Describe the formation of Lulworth Cove and explain why it is associated with concordant coastlines.
Distinguish between a stack and a stump, using Old Harry Rocks as an example.
Distinguish between a stack and a stump, using Old Harry Rocks as an example.
Explain how wave energy is dissipated by the sand and shingle beach constructed at Lyme Regis.
Explain how wave energy is dissipated by the sand and shingle beach constructed at Lyme Regis.
What is the main goal for coastal management scheme at Lyme Regis and how was it achieved?
What is the main goal for coastal management scheme at Lyme Regis and how was it achieved?
Discuss one positive and one negative outcome of the coastal management strategies implemented at Lyme Regis.
Discuss one positive and one negative outcome of the coastal management strategies implemented at Lyme Regis.
How does the gradient of the River Tees change from its source to its mouth, and what impact does this have on its erosional and depositional processes?
How does the gradient of the River Tees change from its source to its mouth, and what impact does this have on its erosional and depositional processes?
Describe the formation of the High Force waterfall in the upper course of the River Tees.
Describe the formation of the High Force waterfall in the upper course of the River Tees.
How are meanders formed, and why are they typically found in the middle course of a river like the River Tees?
How are meanders formed, and why are they typically found in the middle course of a river like the River Tees?
Explain the formation of levees in the lower course of the River Tees.
Explain the formation of levees in the lower course of the River Tees.
Outline two social benefits of the Banbury flood management scheme.
Outline two social benefits of the Banbury flood management scheme.
What is one piece of hard engineering and one piece of soft engineering that was implemented in Banbury and how do they differ.
What is one piece of hard engineering and one piece of soft engineering that was implemented in Banbury and how do they differ.
Explain how the creation of new habitats is an environmental benefit of the Banbury flood management scheme.
Explain how the creation of new habitats is an environmental benefit of the Banbury flood management scheme.
Describe the opportunities that mineral extraction provides for economic development in hot desert environments like the Thar.
Describe the opportunities that mineral extraction provides for economic development in hot desert environments like the Thar.
Explain how both extreme temperatures and limited water supply pose challenges to tourism development in the Thar Desert.
Explain how both extreme temperatures and limited water supply pose challenges to tourism development in the Thar Desert.
How is energy a development opportunity for the Thar Desert, providing two examples.
How is energy a development opportunity for the Thar Desert, providing two examples.
Define the term overirrigation and explain what process it causes in the Thar Desert and its economic and social effects.
Define the term overirrigation and explain what process it causes in the Thar Desert and its economic and social effects.
Why is Rio de Janeiro important on a regional, national and international scale?
Why is Rio de Janeiro important on a regional, national and international scale?
Name the four social challenges Rio faces.
Name the four social challenges Rio faces.
How does rapid rural-to-urban migration contribute to social challenges in Rio de Janeiro?
How does rapid rural-to-urban migration contribute to social challenges in Rio de Janeiro?
What are examples of push factors from a rural environment?
What are examples of push factors from a rural environment?
How do push factors relate to migration levels?
How do push factors relate to migration levels?
Explain how the city of Rio's rapid growth patterns can contribute to the education gap between urban and rural populations of Brazil.
Explain how the city of Rio's rapid growth patterns can contribute to the education gap between urban and rural populations of Brazil.
Describe the impact of limited access to sanitation in Rio's favelas on public health and the environment.
Describe the impact of limited access to sanitation in Rio's favelas on public health and the environment.
Explain how job creation helps to minimise crime levels and inequality in Rio
Explain how job creation helps to minimise crime levels and inequality in Rio
Analyze how the concentration of economic activity in major urban centers like Rio de Janeiro can exacerbate regional inequalities within Brazil.
Analyze how the concentration of economic activity in major urban centers like Rio de Janeiro can exacerbate regional inequalities within Brazil.
Summarize the causes of deforestation in Malaysia and the impacts of the Dorset Coastline.
Summarize the causes of deforestation in Malaysia and the impacts of the Dorset Coastline.
Explain how the Saffir-Simpson scale can mislead the public regarding the potential impacts of a hurricane like Katrina.
Explain how the Saffir-Simpson scale can mislead the public regarding the potential impacts of a hurricane like Katrina.
Describe how existing social inequalities exacerbated the impacts of Hurricane Katrina on the population of New Orleans.
Describe how existing social inequalities exacerbated the impacts of Hurricane Katrina on the population of New Orleans.
Explain how the loss of the rainforest canopy in Malaysia leads to increased soil erosion.
Explain how the loss of the rainforest canopy in Malaysia leads to increased soil erosion.
Outline two ways in which deforestation in Malaysia can contribute to global climate change.
Outline two ways in which deforestation in Malaysia can contribute to global climate change.
Compare and contrast the immediate and long-term responses to Hurricane Katrina, highlighting the challenges faced in each phase.
Compare and contrast the immediate and long-term responses to Hurricane Katrina, highlighting the challenges faced in each phase.
Explain how the formation of Lulworth Cove demonstrates the influence of differential erosion on coastal landforms.
Explain how the formation of Lulworth Cove demonstrates the influence of differential erosion on coastal landforms.
Describe the environmental impacts of pumping floodwater from New Orleans into Lake Pontchartrain after Hurricane Katrina.
Describe the environmental impacts of pumping floodwater from New Orleans into Lake Pontchartrain after Hurricane Katrina.
Analyze how hard engineering strategies, such as sea walls in Lyme Regis, can have both positive and negative impacts on coastal environments and communities.
Analyze how hard engineering strategies, such as sea walls in Lyme Regis, can have both positive and negative impacts on coastal environments and communities.
Explain why the concentration of poverty in certain areas of New Orleans made those communities particularly vulnerable to the impacts of Hurricane Katrina.
Explain why the concentration of poverty in certain areas of New Orleans made those communities particularly vulnerable to the impacts of Hurricane Katrina.
Describe how the construction of levees along the River Tees alters the natural floodplain and its function.
Describe how the construction of levees along the River Tees alters the natural floodplain and its function.
Suggest two reasons why areas with high biodiversity, such as the Malaysian rainforest, are particularly valuable for medical research.
Suggest two reasons why areas with high biodiversity, such as the Malaysian rainforest, are particularly valuable for medical research.
Explain how a drought can affect the interdependence between different organisms in a small freshwater pond ecosystem.
Explain how a drought can affect the interdependence between different organisms in a small freshwater pond ecosystem.
Explain how the Banbury flood management scheme demonstrates a holistic approach to reducing flood risk.
Explain how the Banbury flood management scheme demonstrates a holistic approach to reducing flood risk.
Describe two ways in which tourism in the Thar Desert could negatively impact the local environment.
Describe two ways in which tourism in the Thar Desert could negatively impact the local environment.
Explain two ways the expansion of Rio de Janeiro creates environmental challenges for the city.
Explain two ways the expansion of Rio de Janeiro creates environmental challenges for the city.
Describe how road building in Malaysia contributes to a positive feedback loop that accelerates deforestation rates.
Describe how road building in Malaysia contributes to a positive feedback loop that accelerates deforestation rates.
Explain how the development of palm oil plantations in Malaysia contributes to the reduction of biodiversity.
Explain how the development of palm oil plantations in Malaysia contributes to the reduction of biodiversity.
Outline two ways that climate change could exacerbate the challenges of development in the Thar Desert.
Outline two ways that climate change could exacerbate the challenges of development in the Thar Desert.
Describe the economic and social consequences of the 1998 flood in Banbury that led to the implementation of the flood management scheme.
Describe the economic and social consequences of the 1998 flood in Banbury that led to the implementation of the flood management scheme.
Explain how Rio de Janeiro's regional, national, and international importance contributes to its rapid urban growth and associated challenges.
Explain how Rio de Janeiro's regional, national, and international importance contributes to its rapid urban growth and associated challenges.
Flashcards
Case study for tropical storm impacts?
Case study for tropical storm impacts?
Hurricane Katrina
Hurricane Katrina's category?
Hurricane Katrina's category?
Category 5 in ocean, 3-4 on land
Where did Hurricane Katrina hit?
Where did Hurricane Katrina hit?
New Orleans
Hurricane Katrina deaths?
Hurricane Katrina deaths?
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Houses destroyed by Hurricane Katrina?
Houses destroyed by Hurricane Katrina?
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People without electricity after Katrina?
People without electricity after Katrina?
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New Orleans flooded by Katrina?
New Orleans flooded by Katrina?
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New Orleans population decrease after Katrina?
New Orleans population decrease after Katrina?
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Businesses closed due to Katrina?
Businesses closed due to Katrina?
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Other Katrina secondary effects?
Other Katrina secondary effects?
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Estimated damage from Hurricane Katrina?
Estimated damage from Hurricane Katrina?
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People evacuated due to Hurricane Katrina?
People evacuated due to Hurricane Katrina?
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Population forced to stay in New Orleans?
Population forced to stay in New Orleans?
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Evacuation buses received in Louisiana?
Evacuation buses received in Louisiana?
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People rescued by Coast Guard after Katrina?
People rescued by Coast Guard after Katrina?
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Immediate response example to HK?
Immediate response example to HK?
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What happened to floodwater after Katrina?
What happened to floodwater after Katrina?
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How long to pump floodwaters from Katrina?
How long to pump floodwaters from Katrina?
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Government spending on rehousing/aid after Katrina?
Government spending on rehousing/aid after Katrina?
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Government spending to improve flood defenses after Katrina?
Government spending to improve flood defenses after Katrina?
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Case study for small-scale ecosystem?
Case study for small-scale ecosystem?
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What is interdependence?
What is interdependence?
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Small-scale ecosystem in Lea Valley?
Small-scale ecosystem in Lea Valley?
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Natural change affecting a small pond?
Natural change affecting a small pond?
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Human change affecting a small pond?
Human change affecting a small pond?
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What is eutrophication?
What is eutrophication?
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Case study tropical rainforest?
Case study tropical rainforest?
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Where is Malaysia located?
Where is Malaysia located?
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Malaysia rainforest cover?
Malaysia rainforest cover?
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Increasing fastest in Malaysia?
Increasing fastest in Malaysia?
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5 causes of deforestation Malaysia?
5 causes of deforestation Malaysia?
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Why is logging deforestation?
Why is logging deforestation?
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Why road building deforestation?
Why road building deforestation?
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Why energy projects deforestation?
Why energy projects deforestation?
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Why is commercial farming deforestation?
Why is commercial farming deforestation?
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Why is population deforestation?
Why is population deforestation?
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Malaysian rainforest removed?
Malaysian rainforest removed?
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How climate change deforestation?
How climate change deforestation?
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How loss of biodiversity, deforestation?
How loss of biodiversity, deforestation?
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Deforestation impact on soil erosion?
Deforestation impact on soil erosion?
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How deforestation impacts medicine shortage?
How deforestation impacts medicine shortage?
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Economic benefits of deforestation?
Economic benefits of deforestation?
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Case study coastal landforms?
Case study coastal landforms?
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Where is Dorset located?
Where is Dorset located?
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Erosional landform found?
Erosional landform found?
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Durdle Door an example of?
Durdle Door an example of?
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What is Lulworth Cove?
What is Lulworth Cove?
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How is Lulworth Cove formed?
How is Lulworth Cove formed?
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What kind of coast forms it?
What kind of coast forms it?
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Concordant coastline?
Concordant coastline?
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What are Old Harry Rocks?
What are Old Harry Rocks?
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Depositional in Dorset
Depositional in Dorset
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Study Notes
Hurricane Katrina Case Study
- Hurricane Katrina (HK) serves as a case study for the impacts of a tropical storm on people and the environment.
- HK reached Category 5 status in the ocean but diminished to Category 3-4 upon landfall.
- New Orleans was the location that HK hit.
- Around 2,000 deaths resulted from Hurricane Katrina's primary impacts.
- Approximately 160,000 houses were destroyed due to HK's primary effects.
- 3 million individuals were left without electricity as a primary effect of HK.
- 80% of New Orleans was flooded because of HK's primary effects.
- The population of New Orleans decreased by 400,000 as a secondary effect of HK.
- About 3,000 businesses closed or went bankrupt due to Hurricane Katrina, a secondary effect.
- Homelessness and sewage overflow led to contaminated water supplies as secondary effects.
- The estimated damage caused by HK amounted to $125 million.
- 1.7 million people were evacuated due to HK in the immediate response.
- 20-30% of the population, primarily the poorest, were forced to stay in New Orleans.
- Only 100 evacuation buses arrived out of the 700 requested by Louisiana's National Guard.
- 40,000 people were rescued by the coastguard due to HK as an immediate response.
- Charities offered food, water, and aid to those affected immediately.
- Floodwaters from HK in New Orleans were pumped into a river as a long-term response.
- Pumping the floodwaters into a lake took 1 month as part of long-term responses.
- $62 billion was spent by the government on rehousing and aid for those affected as a long-term response.
- $20 billion has been spent by the government to improve flood defenses after HK as a long-term response.
Small Scale Ecosystem: River Lea Valley (UK)
- The River Lea valley UK is a case study for a small-scale ecosystem.
- Interdependence is when all organisms in an ecosystem rely on each other.
- A small freshwater pond serves as the small-scale ecosystem in Lea Valley.
- A natural change affecting a small freshwater pond is drought which dries out the pond and kills plants and then fish starve and pass away too.
- Human changes include fertilizers that can lead to eutrophication.
- Eutrophication is excessive nutrients in a body of water causing algae overgrowth and oxygen deprivation.
Tropical Rainforest: Malaysia
- The Malaysia rainforest is a case study for tropical rainforest examination.
- Malaysia is located in South East Asia.
- Almost 70% of Malaysia is covered by rainforest.
- Deforestation is increasing faster than anywhere else in Malaysia.
- Population pressure, commercial farming, logging, road building, and energy projects are causes of deforestation occurring in Malaysia.
- Logging contributes to deforestation as Malaysia became the largest exporter of tropical wood.
- Road construction for mines, settlements, and logging trucks leads to deforestation.
- Energy projects, like the Baku dam, contribute to deforestation due to rainforest flooding by reservoirs.
- Commercial palm oil farming necessitates clearing forest land, contributing to deforestation.
- Population pressure results in 15,000 hectares of forest cleared for new urban settlers, further causing deforestation.
- Around 40% of Malaysia's rainforest has been removed by human activities.
Impacts of Deforestation in Malaysia
- Deforestation removes moisture in the air, leading to a drier climate and less trees means more carbon dioxide, impacting climate change.
- Deforestation causes a loss of biodiversity by damaging habitats in rainforests containing over half the world's species.
- Deforestation causes soil erosion because the roots that hold the soil together are removed, vegetation is hard to regrow.
- Deforestation could lead to medicine shortages, as around 25% of medicines contain rainforest ingredients, the removal of the rainforest means medications are lost.
- Economic benefits include new roads opening areas for tourism and industry and that mining, farming, and energy provides jobs.
Coastal Landforms and Processes: Dorset
- Dorset is the case study location to understand coastal landforms and processes.
- Dorset is located on the south coast of England.
- Old Harry Rocks, Lulworth Cove, and Durdle Door are erosional landforms found there.
- Durdle Door provides an example of an arch.
- Lulworth Cove is a small bay formed by a band of weak clay eroded behind a resistant band of limestone.
- Lulworth Cove is formed on a concordant coastline, where rocks lie parallel to the coastline.
- Old Harry Rocks are a chalk headland eroded to form a stack and a stump.
- Chesil Beach serves as a depositional landform.
Coastal Management: Lyme Regis
- Lyme Regis is a case study for how coastal management systems work.
- Lyme Regis is located in South West England in Dorset.
- Several problems persist with Lyme Regis's coastline, including mostly unstable cliffs and erosion.
- Coastal erosion rapidly causes many property damages and sea wall breaks.
- Solutions to protect include spending £22 million on sea walls and setting up a scheme in the 1990s to protect the coast.
- £1.4 million spent on stabilising cliffs and sand and shingle beach constructed to absorb wave energy-.
- Successes in coastal management include increased visitor numbers due to new beaches, and the harbor is now better protected which helps fishermen.
- Increased tourism increases pollution and some feel sea walls have ruined natural feel as negative outcomes of coastal management.
River Landforms: River Tees
- River Tees is the key example for river landforms existing around the world.
- The River Tees is located in North East England.
- The source of the River Tees the Pennines hills.
- The mouth of the river tees is the North Sea.
- High Force waterfall can be found in the upper course of the River Tees.
- Barnard castle meanders can be found in the river tees' middle course.
- Levees is a landform that can be found in the lower course of the River Tees.
- Repeated flooding has raised banks, forming levees at River Tees.
River Management Scheme: Banbury
- Banbury's flood management acts as a case study for river management strategies.
- Banbury is located in the Cotswold Hills 50 km North of Oxford.
- Banbury, in the past, has had flooding that affected 150 homes and businesses.
- Floods can be costly to a city; the 1998 flood lost £12.5 million.
- A flood storage area, new floodwalls, pumping stations, and new plants have been constructed in order to help with flooding
- Reduced anxiety through fear of flooding serves as a social benefit of the Banbury management scheme.
- Benefits estimated to be over £100 million by protecting as much infrastructure is an economic benefit.
- New habitats created is an environmental benefit.
Hot Environment: Thar Desert
- The Thar Desert acts as a case study for developments in a hot environment.
- The Thar Desert is located in India and Pakistan.
- Mineral extraction, tourism, energy, and farming provide development opportunities for the Thar Desert.
- Valuable minerals can be used to produce various things like fertilizers and cement which helps towards the economy through exportation.
- Tourism creates many jobs for local people and produces a source of income.
- Tourists go to the national park to see the 120 species that live there and go on camel rides with locals to explore the desert.
- Solar and wind energy sources are available in the thar desert.
- Solar and wind energy projects provide power for water treatment works and generate electricity, supporting development.
- Irrigation water that is pumped from canals and underground sources makes farming possible in the Thar desert.
- Jobs and income is made due to farming for individuals in the desert.
- Wheat and cotton are crops grown in the desert because of irrigation.
- Extreme temperatures, inaccessibility, and water supply limit development in the Thar Desert.
- Temperatures that exceed 50 degrees makes it heard for people to work.
- Only 120-140mm of rainfall affects the water supply and without it, mining, farming, and tourism would not be possible.
- Overirrigation has resulted in waterlogging and excess water evaporating, leaving a salt layer that makes growing new crops difficult.
- Harsh environmental conditions and poor infrastructure leading to roads that are hard to transverse makes some areas inaccessible.
- The challenges of the desert conditions make it hard to build roads and transport networks.
Urban Growth: Rio de Janeiro
- Rio de Janeiro serves as a case study for analyzing urban growth in a newly emerging economy (NEE).
- Rio de Janeiro is in South America, South of Brazil, the south being the Atlantic Ocean.
- Regionally, Rio is important because it provides schools, hospitals + employment and has an important art and culture scene.
- Nationally, Rio importance lies in housing headquarters of businesses and research facilities, a port essential for exports, and major media and entertainment centers.
- Internationally, Rio importance come from hosting the 2016 Olympics + Paralympic Games and 2014 World Cup, and is iconic landmarks and beautiful beaches.
- Rio has grown around Guanabara Bay, a natural harbor that has served as a focal point for development.
- Migration, education, housing, and transport provide social challenges in Rio
- Migration to Rio has caused stress to the city causing it to be a huge problem
- Low job opps, lower wages, and a lack of services are examples of push factors.
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Description
Study the impacts of Hurricane Katrina. The storm made landfall in New Orleans, causing extensive flooding and devastation. The disaster resulted in thousands of deaths, widespread property damage, and long-term economic and social impacts for the region.
