Humerus and Shoulder Anatomy Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary characteristic of osteoarthritis?

  • Gradual deterioration of articular cartilage (correct)
  • Chronic systemic inflammation
  • Frequent occurrence in women
  • Loss of joint space and bony deformities

    • Which statement accurately describes rheumatoid arthritis?

  • It predominantly affects men more than women.
  • It can lead to destruction of cortical bone. (correct)
  • It is classified as a non-inflammatory joint disease.
  • It is primarily linked to aging.

    • What is a necessary technical preparation for the patient prior to imaging for shoulder injuries?

  • Undress from waist up and ensure no artifacts on clothing. (correct)
  • Leave jewelry on for alignment purposes.
  • Sit in a supine position for comfort.
  • Wear a gown with snaps on the shoulder sleeve.

    • In imaging considerations for adults, what size image receptor is commonly used?

    <p>10 x 12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shielding practice should be followed for all patients?

    <p>Shield from the waist down.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of flexing the elbow during a recumbent position?

    <p>To reduce rotation of the arm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which criteria is essential for a successful horizontal beam transthoracic lateral humerus trauma view?

    <p>Unaffected limb raised overhead</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical structures comprise the shoulder girdle?

    <p>Clavicle and scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the orientation of the clavicle in females compared to males?

    <p>Shorter and less curved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which border of the scapula runs along its longest edge near the vertebrae?

    <p>Medial border</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct positioning of the epicondyles for a lateral humerus view?

    <p>Epicondyles perpendicular to the IR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary to include both joints when centering for a humerus X-ray?

    <p>Center mid humerus and adjust the rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a mediolateral projection, what is the correct angle to the IR when positioning the patient?

    <p>20-30 degrees oblique from PA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to the elbow during a lateromedial view of the humerus?

    <p>Elbow partially flexed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is vital to shield when performing a lateral mid and distal humerus trauma X-ray?

    <p>Thorax and pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the optimal technique kVp range for average shoulder X-rays?

    <p>70-80 kVp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proper positioning for an AP shoulder X-ray with external rotation?

    <p>The upper extremity should be externally rotated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Grashey method for the posterior oblique view, how much should the patient be rotated?

    <p>35-45 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an apical oblique axial view, what is the CR angle relative to the shoulder joint?

    <p>45° caudal angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is visualized in the scapular 'Y' view of the shoulder?

    <p>Lateral view to rule out dislocations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a criterion for an optimal scapular 'Y' view?

    <p>Proper visualization of the humeral head and scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should the CR be directed for an AP shoulder X-ray with external rotation?

    <p>1” inferior to the coracoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be visualized in the posterior oblique (Grashey) method?

    <p>Glenoid cavity profiled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What criteria should be met for the Inferiosuperior Axial view using the Lawrence Method?

    <p>No superimposition of the opposite shoulder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which positioning method is used in the Clements Modification of the Inferiosuperior Axial view?

    <p>Patient lateral recumbent with adducted side up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of angling the tube 5-15° toward the axilla in the Clements Modification?

    <p>To accommodate for less than 90° abduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Superioinferior axillary projection, what effect does a 5-10 degree angle toward the distal humerus have?

    <p>Increases object image distance (OID)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What alignment is crucial in achieving optimal visualization of the supraspinatus outlet in the Neer Method?

    <p>Abduct arm slightly to reduce humerus superimposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is best demonstrated on the AP with External rotation projection?

    <p>Bankart’s Lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which projections are specifically performed to rule out osteophyte formation in Thoracic Outlet Syndrome?

    <p>Routine AP with Internal and External rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What positioning adjustment helps reduce superimposition of the humerus during the Neer Method?

    <p>Abducting the patient's arm slightly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the thickest part of the scapula known as?

    <p>Lateral Angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of shoulder joint movement allows for circumduction?

    <p>Scapulohumeral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the joints of the shoulder girdle?

    <p>Synovial joints with a fibrous capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle of the rotator cuff originates above the spine of the scapula?

    <p>Supraspinatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the subscapularis muscle?

    <p>Depresses the head of the humerus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which posterior rib does the lower margin of the scapula typically align?

    <p>Seventh rib</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movement is primarily associated with the sternoclavicular joint?

    <p>Gliding motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the posterior surface of the scapula divided into?

    <p>Supraspinous and Infraspinous fossae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used for the thick beak-like process that projects anteriorly beneath the clavicle?

    <p>Coracoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the AP projection of the shoulder with external rotation, what should be parallel to the image receptor?

    <p>Epicondyles of the elbow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Humerus and Shoulder Anatomy

    • The humerus is the longest bone in the upper extremity.
    • Articulates with the scapula.
    • Head: Most proximal part.
    • Anatomical neck: Slightly constricted area below and lateral to the head.
    • Lesser tubercle: Process below the anatomical neck, anterior surface.
    • Greater tubercle: Larger, lateral process, where pectoralis major and supraspinatus muscles attach.
    • Surgical neck: Tapered area below the head and tubercles.
    • Intertubular groove (bicipital groove): Deep groove between tubercles.
    • Body (shaft): Below the surgical neck.

    Humerus Technical Considerations

    • Pt. prep: Check for jewelry and adjust attire.
    • Image receptor: 14x17 for adults; grid often used in adults, can be done without in pediatric patients.
    • Shielding: Use appropriate shielding from waist down. Larger shields use if lying on table.

    Humerus Positioning

    • AP: Patient erect or supine, extend arm, abduct slightly so epicondyles equal distance from IR, center mid-humerus, include both joints.
    • Lateral: Patient erect or supine, lateromedial vs. mediolateral, epicondyles perpendicular to IR, center at midpoint to include both joints, elbow partially flexed, rotated toward affected side as needed.
    • Optimal exposure factors: Key factors and criteria for each view to ensure proper imaging and visualization of structures.

    Pathologies and Clinical Indications

    • Bursitis: Inflammation of the bursae (fluid-filled sacs).
    • Tendonitis: Inflammatory condition of tendon (strain).
    • Radiculopathy: Condition due to compressed nerves in the spine.
    • Hill-Sachs defect: Deformity of superior and posterior border of humeral head, typically result of impaction during dislocation.
    • Bankart lesion: Associated with shoulder dislocations and labrum tear at the inferior glenoid, and seen as a defect.

    Additional Considerations

    • Pregnancy: Always clear female patients for pregnancy and Note LMP.
    • Adjusting for patient reasons for needing images.
    • Technical factors: kVp range (80-85 for digital systems), use center cell if AEC is used, close collimation, correct marker placement, suspend breathing.
    • Patient positioning: Proper positioning for obtaining clear images of the humerus and surrounding structures.

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    Humerus and Shoulder Anatomy & Positioning (PDF)

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the humerus and shoulder. This quiz covers the structure, technical considerations, and positioning of the humerus, including important terms like tubercles and the surgical neck. Perfect for students in anatomy or medical imaging fields.

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