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Questions and Answers
Which philosopher emphasized the importance of emotions/feelings in human existence?
What does Scheler consider human feelings to be?
In Scheler's philosophy, where do feelings correspond to according to the text?
What did Hume suggest could make passion unreasonable in some instances?
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In what circumstances does Hume propose that passion can yield to reason?
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What did Max Ferdinand Scheler focus on as a phenomenologist?
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According to David Hume, which of the following best describes the relationship between reason and emotions in ethical decision-making?
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What did David Hume assert about the role of reason in motivating the will?
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In ethical decision-making, Hume suggested that moral distinctions are derived from which source?
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According to Hume, how do individuals perceive moral good and evil?
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How did Hume categorize emotions in his 'Theory of the Mind'?
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Which statement best summarizes David Hume's view on the relationship between reason and ethical judgments?
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What did Scheler refer to as the 'purest sphere' of human consciousness?
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According to Scheler, which level of feelings is the most important?
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What distinguishes spiritual feelings from the other levels according to Scheler?
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Why did Scheler consider values of the holy to be the highest?
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In what way are spiritual feelings different from sensual feelings according to Scheler's model?
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How did Scheler describe the order of importance in his 'stratification model of emotive life'?
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Study Notes
Hume's Philosophy of Emotions
- Hume admits that passion can be unreasonable when judgment or opinion is wrong, but corrected judgment yields to reason without opposition.
Scheler's Philosophy of Feelings
- Max Ferdinand Scheler was a German philosopher who contributed to phenomenology, ethics, and philosophical anthropology.
- Scheler sought to understand the structures of consciousness, including mental acts and their correlates.
- In Scheler's philosophy, emotions are the most important aspect of human existence, which are inherent, objective, and exist a priori.
- Feelings are independent of the mind and correspond to the Divine Plane.
- Scheler believed that human feelings are strict, exact, and objective, not chaotic.
Hume's Philosophy of the Mind
- David Hume opposed most moral philosophers, arguing that reason is the "slave of the passions".
- Hume asserted four theses:
- Reason alone cannot be a motive to the will.
- Moral distinctions are not derived from reason.
- Moral distinctions are derived from moral sentiments.
- Some virtues and vices are natural, while others (including justice) are artificial.
- Hume believed that reason discovers facts, but is insufficient to yield moral judgments.
- Hume sided with moral sense theorists, stating that people gain awareness of moral good and evil through experiencing pleasure and uneasiness.
Scheler's Stratification Model of Emotive Life
- Scheler presented four strata of feelings:
- Sensual feelings (bodily pleasures or pain)
- Vital feelings (life functions, health, sickness, energy, fatigue)
- Psychic feelings (aesthetics, justice, knowledge)
- Spiritual feelings (the Divine)
- Spiritual feelings are intentional and directed towards a higher being or the Divine.
- Scheler believed that spiritual feelings are the most important and possess the nature of intent.
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Description
Explore the key ideas of the philosopher David Hume regarding the mind and ethics. Learn about his views on reason, emotions, and moral distinctions in this quiz.
