16 Questions
What is the main reason Islam rejects materialism?
Materialism does not believe in God and does not believe in anything related to God, including prophethood, which is one of the core teachings in Islam and is included in the six pillars of faith.
What is the origin of the word 'animism'?
The word 'animism' is derived from Latin 'anima', which means life or soul.
What is the core belief of animists?
Animists believe that the physical objects possess souls and spiritual power, and they worship these souls, animate beings or inanimate beings, to survive in this world.
What is the belief of the Iban community in Malaysia?
The Iban people believe in the existence of life after death, and that when people die, their soul becomes a spirit or semengat that can be risen again and live amongst them.
What is the belief of the Kadazandusun community?
The Kadazandusun believe in good and evil spirits, and that all surrounding objects, plants, and even household equipment possess spirits.
What is the significance of prophethood in Islam?
Believing in the prophethood is one of the core teachings in Islam and is included in the six pillars of faith.
How do animists view nature?
Animists believe that nature has a spirit (or soul) or spiritual elements and human-like thoughts and actions.
What is the common thread between the beliefs of the Iban and Kadazandusun communities?
Both the Iban and Kadazandusun communities believe in the existence of spirits and spiritual power in physical objects and natural phenomena.
What is the core belief of humanism, and how does it view human beings?
Humanism believes in human effort and skill, and views humans as intelligent creatures who can manage their lives and solve problems without religion.
According to humanism, how can individuals achieve happiness and avoid pain?
By helping others to achieve happiness and avoid pain, as everyone has a right to attain happiness and avoid pain.
Why does Islam reject humanism?
Because it separates man from God, and grants men absolute freedom of choice, which is not in line with Islamic beliefs.
What is the main difference between humanism and Islam in terms of human freedom and limitations?
Humanism believes humans have absolute freedom of choice, while Islam believes that humans have limited freedom of choice and are in need of guidance from Allah.
What is the core belief of materialism, and how does it view the universe?
Materialism believes that everything is made of matter and energy, and that every event in the universe happens due to the conditions and activity of matter.
How does materialism explain thought, feeling, mind, and will?
Materialism explains thought, feeling, mind, and will in terms of matter and physical phenomena.
What is the significance of the six pillars of faith in Islam?
The six pillars of faith are metaphysical and undetected by the naked eye, and are essential beliefs in Islam.
How does materialism differ from Islam in terms of its view of the universe?
Materialism rejects the existence of God and the immaterial soul, while Islam believes in the existence of Allah and the immaterial soul.
Study Notes
Humanism
- Humanism is a belief in human effort and skill, rather than relying on divine intervention.
- It emphasizes the use of human reason, experience, and compassion to guide moral and ethical principles.
- Humanists believe that humans are intelligent and capable of managing their lives and solving problems without religion.
- The ultimate goal of humanism is to create a tolerant world where differences are resolved cooperatively without violence.
- Humanists believe that every individual has the right to pursue happiness and avoid pain.
Critique of Humanism
- Islam rejects humanism because it separates humans from God.
- Humanism grants humans absolute freedom of choice, but this freedom is limited by the human condition.
- Humans are powerless and prone to evil, and therefore require religion to guide their lives.
Materialism
- Materialism is the belief that everything is made of matter and energy, with no immaterial entities.
- It denies the existence of God, the immaterial soul, and any metaphysical transcendence.
- Materialism explains all events in the universe as a result of physical matter and its activity.
Critique of Materialism
- Islam rejects materialism because it revolts against the Creator and diminishes the spiritual relationship between humans and God.
- Materialism is contrary to prophethood, a core teaching in Islam.
Animism
- Animism is the belief in many spiritual beings involved in human affairs, capable of helping or harming human interests.
- Animists believe that physical objects possess souls and spiritual power.
- Nature is seen as having a spirit or spiritual elements, and human-like thoughts and actions.
- Animists worship these souls, spirits, or inanimate beings to survive in this world.
Examples of Animism
- The Iban community in Malaysia believes in the existence of life after death, where the soul becomes a spirit or semengat.
- The Kadazandusun believe in good and evil spirits, and that objects, plants, and equipment possess spirits.
Humanism is a belief in human effort and skill, emphasizing reason and compassion to guide moral principles. It seeks to create a tolerant world where differences are resolved cooperatively.
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