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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the eye in the process of vision?
How is the image of an object perceived by the eye positioned on the retina?
What role does light play in the process of vision?
What happens to light when it enters the eye?
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What is the result of light reflecting off objects before it enters the eye?
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يتكون النظام الأخلاقي من عدة ______ اجتماعية.
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قواعد السلوك تشمل ______ لتوجيه أفعال الأفراد.
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من بعض المثبطات التي تؤثر على التعامل الأخلاقي هي ______ الاجتماعية.
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______ هو النظام الذي يعتمد على النتائج لتقييم الأفعال الأخلاقية.
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تشمل القواعد الأخلاقية أيضا ______ مثل العدل وعدم التمييز.
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Study Notes
Vision
- Light is how the human eye receives and transforms light.
- The human eye focuses an image onto the back of the eye.
- The image of the object is upside down.
- Electrical signals are sent to the brain by the receptors in the eye.
Color
- Color is composed of three components:
- Hue
- Intensity
- Saturation
- Hue is determined by the spectral wavelength of the light.
Human Processor Model
- Created in 1983 by Card, Moran and Newell.
- Explains how humans interact with computer systems.
Input-Output Channels
- The senses are the input channels.
- Responders or effectors are the output channels.
- The input channels are the senses.
- The output channels are the responders or effectors.
Memory
- Human memory is how the brain works and will be covered in other work.
Ethical Systems
- Ethical systems are a complex system comprised of directives, social policies, and public expectations.
- Public expectations should be formal and impartial, while informal expectations are often shaped by social norms.
- An ethical system is built on both rules of conduct and principles for evaluation, each of which can be further divided into two categories.
Rules of Conduct
- Rules of conduct guide individual behavior and social policies – the former focuses on smaller-scale actions, while the latter focuses on larger-scale societal structures.
- Examples of rules of conduct guiding individuals include "Do not steal" and "Do not harm others."
- Examples of rules of conduct that shape social policies include privacy laws and data security regulations.
Principles for Evaluation
- Principles for evaluating rules include social utility, justice, and non-discrimination.
Ethical Theories
- Ethical theories are used to determine actions in ethical dilemmas.
- There are four common theories used to guide decision making.
Consequence-Based Ethics
- Consequence-based ethics prioritize outcomes.
- Utilitarianism is one example, which focuses on maximizing happiness and minimizing suffering for the greatest number of people.
Duty-Based Ethics
- Duty-based ethics focus on principles and obligations rather than outcomes.
- Duty-based ethics prioritize respect for individuals and their inherent rights.
Contract-Based Ethics
- Contract-based ethics focus on the idea of a social contract that ensures individual rights within a societal framework.
- Actions are considered ethical if they adhere to this agreement and are judged by the parameters of the contract.
Virtue Ethics
- Virtue ethics focuses on character development and acting according to ethical principles, rather than solely on consequences or duties.
- It emphasizes individual integrity and a sense of moral responsibility.
Islamic Professional Ethics
- Islamic professional ethics are informed by Islamic principles, such as trustworthiness, honesty, keeping promises, and fulfilling contracts.
- These principles guide professional behavior, emphasizing the importance of social well-being and justice.
- Islamic ethics prioritize fulfilling obligations first, followed by achieving individual well-being.
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Description
Test your understanding of how the human eye perceives light, the components of color, and the Human Processor Model. This quiz covers the interplay between sensory input and human memory as it relates to computer interaction. Challenge yourself with questions that delve into the mechanisms of sight and processing.
