Aquinas Q55

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Questions and Answers

What does justice aim to do according to the content provided?

  • Promote subjective interpretations of virtue
  • Put outward things right (correct)
  • Encourage independence from divine law
  • Establish a personal moral code

Which statement best explains the relationship between righteousness and virtues?

  • Righteousness is only applicable in legal matters.
  • Virtues are more important than righteousness.
  • Righteousness exists independently of virtues.
  • Righteousness is a characteristic shared by all virtues. (correct)

What does the content suggest about the misuse of virtue?

  • Misuse of virtue is only a matter of intention.
  • Virtues cannot lead to evil actions.
  • It is impossible to misinterpret a virtue.
  • One can have good thoughts yet misuse a virtue. (correct)

What role does God play in the infusion of virtue according to the content?

<p>God infuses virtue but requires human consent. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are actions influenced according to the content discussed?

<p>They are instigated by God together with human cooperation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does virtue imply according to the response given?

<p>A perfection of power (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is virtue considered a good habit?

<p>It is productive of good works (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the article define the relationship between virtue and evil?

<p>Virtue can be associated with weaknesses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the quote from Augustine imply about virtue?

<p>Virtue is essential to making the soul good (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Philosopher, what does virtue do for its possessor?

<p>Makes them good and their work good (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the article, what role does law have in relation to sin?

<p>Law can strengthen the concept of sin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do objections presented argue about the nature of virtue?

<p>Virtue can exist independently of goodness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What misconception about virtue might arise from the discussions of power and evil?

<p>Virtue can manifest within sinful behaviors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is implied about virtue when it is said to be made perfect in infirmity?

<p>Virtue is more effective when overcoming physical limitations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the definition of virtue include it as a 'good quality of the mind'?

<p>Because virtue requires mental engagement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiation is made regarding good in the definition of virtue?

<p>Good must be defined by specifics contextually. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it imply if virtue is seen as a habit that is always referred to good?

<p>Virtue never allows for moral ambiguity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it unsuitable to describe virtue solely as a 'good quality'?

<p>Goodness itself cannot define virtue's essence. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of 'habit' in relation to virtue?

<p>Habit is the proximate genus for defining virtue. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is implied by stating that God works virtue in us without us?

<p>Virtue cannot exist independently of divine intervention. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the mention of pride in relation to virtue suggest?

<p>Pride is a natural outcome of possessing virtue. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to consider the subject when discussing virtue?

<p>The subject influences virtue's moral implications. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the definition of virtue suggest about righteous living?

<p>Virtue encompasses habits of righteous living. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does the definition of virtue respond to the objection about pride?

<p>It maintains that pride does not negate virtue. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between justice and virtue as discussed?

<p>Justice is a species of virtue. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does virtue relate to other operative habits?

<p>Virtue is habitually opposed only to evil actions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the definition of virtue suggest about its ability to influence human behavior?

<p>Virtue naturally inclines individuals toward good actions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Justice

A righteousness that corrects human use and matters pertaining to justice.

Virtue

A quality that denotes order towards a due end and is aligned with divine law.

Infused virtue

A virtue implanted in us by God requiring our consent but not our action.

Evil use of virtue

Though one can think negatively about virtue, an act of true virtue cannot be evil.

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Consent in virtue

Human agreement is necessary for God to instill infused virtue in us.

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Human virtue

A good habit that produces good works.

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Good habit

A behavior that consistently leads to positive actions.

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Sin

A moral wrongdoing often termed as evil.

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Power in virtue

The ability or capacity to do good.

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Perfection of power

The maximum capability of a being directed towards good.

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Law as virtue of sin

The concept that law defines sin’s strength or limits.

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Infirmity in virtue

Weakness or lack that can lead to greater strength.

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Order of reason

A principle that guides rational behavior.

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Definition of Virtue

Virtue is defined as a good quality of the mind that enables righteous living and cannot be misused.

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Quality of the Mind

Virtue is described as a quality of the mind, signifying an inherent goodness.

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Goodness in Virtue

Goodness is integral to virtue; it makes something good, akin to how whiteness defines something white.

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Difference of Quality

Virtue should be distinguished from the common use of 'good', which is broader than 'quality'.

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Irrational Virtues

Virtues can also exist in irrational parts of the soul, indicating a wider application of virtue.

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Righteousness and Justice

Righteousness is closely related to justice, both being aspects of virtue.

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Bad Use of Virtue

Despite its nature, individuals can misuse virtues, exemplified by pride.

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God's Role in Virtue

Virtue is believed to be infused in humans by God, indicating an efficient cause.

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Operation of Virtue

The end goal of virtue is to foster good actions and operations.

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Material Cause of Virtue

The subject of virtue is characterized as a matter that it pertains to or affects.

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Habit of Virtue

Virtue is described as an operative habit directed to good outcomes.

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Specific vs General Virtue

The definition of virtue encompasses general aspects; some virtues may have specific applications.

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Mind as Subject

The rational part of the soul is the proper subject of virtue, as it engages with reason.

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Nature of Goodness

Goodness, as it applies to virtue, is fixed by reason rather than being simply general.

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Study Notes

Human Virtue as a Good Habit

  • Virtue implies a perfection of power, with the limit of this power being inherently good
  • Evil signifies a defect, thus virtue is always related to good
  • Human virtue, as an active habit, is a good habit leading to good deeds
  • Virtues can be applied metaphorically to evil situations, but don’t inherently entail being evil
  • "Virtue of sin" signifies how sin can reach its maximum potential potentially through laws
  • Perfecting a power within a flawed system doesn’t necessarily equate to human virtue
  • Virtue is perfected through reason's ability to overcome bodily or lower power weaknesses

Suitable Definition of Virtue

  • Virtue is a "good quality" enabling righteous living, but this definition is not fully satisfactory
  • "Good," as a quality, is a generic term, and should not be a defining term for virtue
  • Virtues are distinct from other habits, with some always connected to good
  • Other habits might be related to good or ill
  • Virtue is uniquely attainable and applicable via reason, making it a "quality of the mind"
  • Virtues can exist in the irrational parts of the soul to some extent, but primarily exist in the mind
  • A complete/perfect definition should combine the formal, material, and efficient causes
  • Virtue is caused efficiently by God either acquired or infused. Acquired means an action of our own
  • In general, for a thing to be good, its formal cause should be considered good also for human virtue

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