Human Tissue Types Quiz
40 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which type of tissue is responsible for covering body surfaces and lining hollow organs?

  • Connective tissue
  • Muscular tissue
  • Nervous tissue
  • Epithelial tissue (correct)

    • Nervous tissue is primarily responsible for muscle contraction and glandular secretion.

    True

    What is the main function of connective tissue?

    To protect and support the body and organs.

    Hemidesmosomes anchor epithelial cells to the __________ membrane.

    <p>basement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of cell junction with its function:

    <p>Tight junctions = Prevent fluids from leaking Desmosomes = Resist separation under tension Gap junctions = Transport ions and small molecules Hemidesmosomes = Anchor cells to the basement membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint connects cells and prevents them from leaking fluids?

    <p>Tight junctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of epithelium is characterized by rounded surface cells?

    <p>Transitional epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Muscular tissue is involved in storing energy within the body.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the four basic types of tissues in the human body.

    <p>Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, Nervous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Exocrine glands secrete substances directly into the bloodstream.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of connective tissue has a network of interlacing reticular fibers?

    <p>Reticular connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main function of adipose connective tissue is to ______.

    <p>store fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of exocrine glands with their characteristics:

    <p>Merocrine = Releases secretion into ducts Apocrine = Releases secretion and part of cell Holocrine = Releases entire cell Sebaceous = Type of holocrine gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of mature connective tissue?

    <p>Transitional epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mesenchymal cells can differentiate into various types of cells, including fibroblasts and osteoblasts.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is loose connective tissue primarily located?

    <p>Beneath skin and between muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of simple squamous epithelium?

    <p>Filtration, diffusion, osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Stratified columnar epithelium consists of a single layer of elongated cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is ciliated simple columnar epithelium primarily located?

    <p>Fallopian tubes, uterus, digestive tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of dense regular connective tissue?

    <p>Provides strong attachment between various structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Simple cuboidal epithelium is primarily found in the __________ and glands such as the salivary and thyroid glands.

    <p>kidney tubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Elastic connective tissue is primarily found in the tendons and ligaments.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of epithelial tissue lines the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>Non-ciliated simple columnar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is fibrocartilage primarily located?

    <p>Between bony parts of spinal column, parts of the pelvic girdle and knee.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of epithelium with its associated function:

    <p>Simple squamous = Filtration, diffusion, osmosis Stratified squamous = Protection Simple cuboidal = Secretion and absorption Pseudostratified ciliated columnar = Protection, secretion, movement of mucus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hyaline cartilage supports, protects, and provides a _____ framework.

    <p>flexible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transitional epithelium can change from __________ to __________.

    <p>squamousal, cuboidal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the connective tissues with their primary functions:

    <p>Reticular connective tissue = Filters worn-out blood cells and microbes Elastic connective tissue = Allows stretching of organs Fibrocartilage = Absorbs shock and supports structures Blood = Transports substances throughout the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which connective tissue is characterized by randomly arranged collagen fibers?

    <p>Dense irregular connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of stratified cuboidal epithelium?

    <p>Protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blood is found throughout the body within open systems of blood vessels.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the form of compact bone?

    <p>Rigid and consists of mineral salts, including calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of membrane lines body cavities that open to the exterior?

    <p>Mucous membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The serous membrane secretes mucous to reduce friction.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the two layers of the serous membrane.

    <p>Parietal layer and visceral layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ membrane covers the entire surface of the body.

    <p>cutaneous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of muscle tissue with their characteristics:

    <p>Skeletal Muscle = Voluntary and striated Cardiac Muscle = Involuntary and striated Smooth Muscle = Involuntary and non-striated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle tissue is characterized by branched cells connected by intercalated discs?

    <p>Cardiac muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Smooth muscle tissue has striations and multiple nuclei.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does synovial fluid play in joint cavities?

    <p>Lubricates and nourishes cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cells and Tissues

    • Four basic tissue types exist: epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissues.
    • These tissues are composed of cells and extracellular matrix, which differs in composition and structure for each tissue type.

    Types of Tissues and Their Origins

    • Epithelial tissue covers body surfaces, lines hollow organs, body cavities, and ducts, and forms glands.
    • It is found on internal and external surfaces.
    • Connective tissue protects and supports the body and its organs; it binds organs together, provides flexibility, stores energy, and provides immunity and structural support.
    • Muscular tissue contracts and generates force and heat, thus enabling movement in the body.
    • Nervous tissue detects internal and external changes, generates nerve impulses, and activates muscle contractions and glandular secretions.

    Cell Junctions

    • Cell junctions are contact points between two plasma membranes.
    • Tight junctions are transmembrane proteins that fuse together adjacent cells, preventing fluids from leaking through cell walls. They line the stomach, intestine, and urinary bladder.
    • Adherens junctions use cadherens (transmembrane glycoproteins on the external surface of epithelial cells) to attach to a plaque with parallel actin filaments (microfilaments) creating an adhesion belt wrapping around the cell periphery. This structure helps epithelial cells resist separation.
    • Desmosomes, also using cadherens, anchor to a plaque embedded with keratin (intermediate filaments), aiding epithelial and cardiac cells in resisting separation under tension.
    • Hemidesmosomes are rows of integrins (transmembrane glycoproteins) that anchor cells to the basement membrane via a plaque embedded with keratin (intermediate filaments). They connect to laminin of the basement membrane.
    • Gap junctions use connexins forming tunnels to transport ions, small molecules, and fluids between adjacent cells.

    Epithelial Tissue

    • Epithelial tissue is arranged in sheets, is closely packed, has little intercellular space, and contains many cell junctions.
    • It has an apical (free) surface, which serves as a barrier and secretory surface.
    • Epithelial tissue has four surfaces: apical, basal (basement membrane), and lateral surfaces. Apical surfaces face body cavities, ducts, surfaces, or lumens (interior spaces of organs). Basal surfaces are anchored to the basement membrane, and lateral surfaces are adjacent cells.
    • Epithelial tissue can be classified by layer (simple or stratified) and shape (squamous, cuboidal, columnar, transitional, which changes from squamous and cuboidal).

    Simple Squamous Epithelium

    • Form: Single layer of thin, flat cells with broad, thin nuclei.
    • Function: Filtration, diffusion, osmosis, and covers surfaces.
    • Location: Alveoli and capillaries.

    Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

    • Form: Single layer of cube-shaped cells with centrally located spherical nuclei.
    • Function: Secretion and absorption.
    • Location: Kidney tubules and glands (salivary, thyroid, pancreas, liver).

    Non-Ciliated Simple Columnar Epithelium

    • Form: Nuclei are near the base of cells, and the cells have microvilli.
    • Function: Secretion and absorption.
    • Location: Lines the gastrointestinal tract and gallbladder.

    Ciliated Simple Columnar Epithelium

    • Form: Single layer of elongated cells whose nuclei are located at the basement membrane; may have cilia.
    • Function: Absorption, secretion, protection.
    • Location: Fallopian tubes, uterus, and digestive tract,

    Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium

    • Form: Single layer of cells that appear layered because of the placement of the nuclei; may have cilia.
    • Function: Protection, secretion, movement of mucus.
    • Location: Airways.

    Stratified Squamous Epithelium

    • Form: Multiple layers of relatively thick cells that continuously divide, pushing older layers outward, forming a flattened outer layer; may have keratin.
    • Function: Protection.
    • Location: Outer layer of skin, mouth, throat, vagina, and anal canal.

    Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

    • Form: Multiple layers of cube-shaped cells
    • Function: Protection
    • Location: Female and male reproductive systems

    Stratified Columnar Epithelium

    • Form: Multiple layers of elongated cells with a basal layer of cube-shaped cells
    • Function: Protection, secretion
    • Location: Male urethra and vas deferens, pharynx

    Transitional Epithelium

    • Form: Similar to non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium except for rounded (rather than flat) surface cells.
    • Function: Elasticity.
    • Location: Walls of ureters, part of urethra, urinary bladder, uterus.

    Glandular Epithelial Tissue

    • Glands secrete substances into ducts or tubes.
      • Endocrine glands secrete into the bloodstream
      • Exocrine glands secrete into ducts or tubes and surfaces.
    • Merocrine exocrine glands release their secretion into a duct/tube, such as salivary glands, pancreatic glands, and some sweat glands.
    • Apocrine exocrine glands release secretion and apical surface of the cell, as seen in mammary glands.
    • Holocrine exocrine glands release the whole cell upon maturation, such as sebaceous (oil) glands.

    Connective Tissue

    • Diverse and abundant body tissues with relatively few cells.
    • Extracellular matrix, consisting of protein fibers and ground substance, is important for supporting and connecting tissues.
      • Embryonic connective tissue includes mesenchyme (found in the embryo and differentiating into various types of connective tissue including fibroblasts, chondroblasts and osteoblasts).
      • Mature connective tissue includes loose (areolar, adipose, reticular), dense (regular, irregular, elastic), cartilage (hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic), bone (compact), and liquid (blood).

    Areolar Connective Tissue

    • Form: Thin membranes.
    • Function: Connects skin to underlying organs.
    • Location: Beneath the skin, between muscles, and beneath epithelial tissues.

    Adipose Connective Tissue

    • Form: Large, cloud-like cells that crowd other cells.
    • Function: Protects, stores fat, insulates.
    • Location: Beneath the skin, around kidneys, behind eyeballs, and the surface of the heart.

    Reticular Connective Tissue

    • Form: Network of interlacing reticular fibers and reticular cells.
    • Function: Forms stroma of organs, binds muscle tissue cells, filters and removes worn-out blood cells in the spleen and microbes in lymph nodes.
    • Location: Stroma of liver, spleen, lymph nodes, red bone marrow.

    Dense Regular Connective Tissue

    • Form: Extracellular matrix looks shiny white, mainly collagen fibers, regularly bundled.
    • Function: Provides strong attachment between various structures.
    • Location: Forms tendons, most ligaments, and aponeuroses.

    Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

    • Form: Randomly arranged collagen fibers and fibroblasts.
    • Function: Provides strength.
    • Location: Fascia, reticular region of dermis, fibrous pericardium of heart, periosteum of bone.

    Elastic Connective Tissue

    • Form: Freely branching elastic fibers, fibroblasts in spaces between fibers.
    • Function: Allows stretching of various organs.
    • Location: Lung tissue, walls of elastic arteries, trachea, bronchial tubes, suspensory ligaments of penis.

    Hyaline Cartilage

    • Form: Chondrocytes located in lacunae surrounded by extracellular matrix.
    • Function: Supports, protects, provides framework.
    • Location: Found on ends of bones, soft part of the nose, and rings of trachea.

    Fibrocartilage

    • Form: Chondrocytes surrounded by large collagenous fibers in its extracellular matrix.
    • Function: Supports, protects, absorbs shock.
    • Location: Between bony parts of the spinal column and parts of the pelvic girdle and knee.

    Elastic Cartilage

    • Form: Chondrocytes in lacunae surrounded by elastic fibers in its extracellular matrix.
    • Function: Supports, protects, provides flexible framework.
    • Location: Framework of external ear and parts of the larynx.

    Compact Bone

    • Form: Most rigid connective tissue, made of mineral salts (calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate), and contains bone marrow.
    • Function: Support, protection, provides framework.
    • Location: Bones of the skeleton.

    Blood

    • Form: Biconcave disks of red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), and platelets.
    • Function: Transports substances, helps maintain stable internal environment.
    • Location: Throughout the body within a closed system of blood vessels and the heart.

    Membranes

    • Flat sheets of pliable tissue covering or lining parts of the body, composed of epithelial and connective layers.
    • Types:
      • Mucous membrane (mucosa): Lines body cavities that open to the exterior; containing tight junctions, goblet cells secrete mucous, and glands secrete enzymes.
      • Serous membrane (serosa): Lines body cavities that do not open to the exterior and secrete serous fluid, reducing friction. (e.g. pleura, pericardium, peritoneum)
      • Cutaneous membrane (skin): Covers entire body surface. It contains an epidermis, keratinized epithelium and a dermis, including dense irregular and areolar connective tissue. Synovial membrane lines freely moveable joint cavities and is composed of synoviocytes and areolar/adipose connective tissue; this lubricates and nourishes cartilage.

    Muscular Tissue

    • Skeletal muscle tissue: Striated muscle fibers with multiple nuclei; enabling voluntary movements of skeletal parts connected to bones.
    • Cardiac muscle tissue: Branched, interconnected striated muscle cells connected by intercalated discs; enabling involuntary heart movements
    • Smooth muscle tissue: Spindle-shaped cells with a central nucleus; enabling involuntary movements of internal organs, found in the walls of hollow internal organs.

    Nervous Tissue

    • Highly specialized tissue composed of neurons (axons, dendrites, and cell bodies) and neuroglial cells responsible for accessory functions for neurons.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Cells and Tissues Chapter 3 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the four basic types of tissues in the human body, including epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissues. This quiz covers functions, characteristics, and specific types of cells and junctions associated with these tissues. Perfect for students studying anatomy and physiology.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser