Human Tissue Types Overview

Insulates the body against heat loss/gain and protects organs.

Forms a supportive network in lymphatic tissues like lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, and bone marrow.

Hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage; each with varying amounts of fibers and flexibility.

The most common type, providing smooth surfaces for joint movement, and structural support in the respiratory system and fetal skeleton.

Rigid connective tissue made of calcium salts (for hardness) and protein fibers (for flexibility and strength).

Forms the shafts of long bones, made of cylindrical units (osteons) with a central canal.

Lightweight but strong bone found in the ends of long bones and designed to provide support and strength.

Transports nutrients and oxygen, removes waste, distributes heat, maintains fluids, ions, and pH balance, and protects against diseases.

A group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function in the body.

Epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissue.

Covers body surfaces, lines cavities, and performs functions like protection, secretion, absorption, excretion, and filtration.

Supports and binds body parts, provides structure and framework.

Responsible for movement of the body and its parts.

Receives stimuli, processes information, and conducts impulses.

A single layer of cells in epithelial tissue.

Multiple layers of cells in epithelial tissue.

Blood consists of plasma (55%) and formed elements (45%). Plasma is mostly water with dissolved/suspended solutes. Formed elements include red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Plasma contains water, electrolytes (like sodium, potassium), gases (like oxygen, carbon dioxide), proteins (like albumin, globulins), nutrients, waste products, and regulatory substances (like hormones).

Small, biconcave disk-shaped cells without a nucleus, that contain hemoglobin for oxygen transport. Hemoglobin has four units, each with globin and heme.

Larger cells with a nucleus involved in fighting infections. They use phagocytosis or adaptive immunity, including antibody production.

Cell fragments that help in blood clotting. They plug damaged vessels.

Cylindrical, multinucleated muscle cells with striations, under voluntary control and attached to bones via tendons. Their contraction moves bones.

Muscle cells that lack striations and are involuntary muscles. They are found in internal organs.

Cells of muscular tissue. Containing actin and myosin filaments, which cause movement

The four types of tissues in the human body are epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous. Each type has a unique structure and function.

Classified by cell shape (squamous, cuboidal, columnar) and number of layers (simple, stratified).

Single layer of thin, flattened cells. Found in areas of diffusion and filtration like capillaries and alveoli.

Multiple layers of cells, with the top layers flattened. Found in areas of abrasion like skin and lining of the mouth.

Single layer of cube-shaped cells. Found in glands and ducts, involved in secretion and absorption.

Single layer of tall, rectangular cells. Found in lining of the stomach and intestines, involved in absorption and secretion.

Contains cells (fibroblasts, chondrocytes, etc.) widely separated by a non-cellular matrix (with fibers and ground substance).

Collagen fibers (strength and flexibility), reticular fibers (supporting network), and elastic fibers (elasticity).

Found only in the walls of the heart.

Branching, striated cells, each with a single nucleus. Cells are separate but connected at intercalated disks.

Responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. Not under voluntary control.

Found in the walls of blood vessels and internal organs like intestines and stomach.

Spindle-shaped cells with a single nucleus. Nuclei form an irregular pattern. Not under voluntary control.

Plasma contains water, electrolytes (like sodium, potassium), gases (like oxygen, carbon dioxide), proteins (like albumin, globulins), nutrients, waste products, and regulatory substances (like hormones).

Small, biconcave, disk-shaped cells that lack a nucleus. They contain hemoglobin for oxygen transport.

Hemoglobin has four units, each containing globin protein and a heme group. The heme group contains iron that links to oxygen.

Larger cells with a nucleus. They fight infection by phagocytosis or adaptive immunity, which includes antibody production.

Cell fragments involved with blood clotting. They help form a plug to seal damaged blood vessels.

Muscle fibers contain actin and myosin filaments, which interact to cause sliding movements that lead to muscle contraction.

Skeletal muscle contraction is under voluntary control and causes bones to move at joints. This movement is caused by the interaction of actin and myosin filaments.

Adipose tissue functions as insulation to prevent heat loss or gain, and as a protective layer for organs.

Adipose tissue is found beneath the skin, surrounding the kidneys, and on the surface of the heart.

Reticular Connective Tissue forms a supporting meshwork within lymphatic tissues like lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, and bone marrow.

Cartilage is a specialized connective tissue that is solid but flexible, and forms smooth surfaces for joint movement.

The three types of cartilage are: hyaline (most common), elastic (more flexible), and fibrocartilage (strong).

Bone is the most rigid connective tissue, made of calcium salts for hardness and protein fibers for elasticity and strength.

Bone tissue is classified as compact (dense, forming shafts of long bones) and spongy (lighter, found in ends of long bones).

Blood, a fluid connective tissue, transports nutrients and oxygen, removes waste, regulates temperature, balances fluids, protects against disease, and helps with blood clotting.

Unlike other connective tissues, the matrix of blood, called plasma, is not produced by the cells. Plasma is mostly water with dissolved substances.

Blood's matrix (plasma) is not created by the cells, unlike other connective tissues. It also functions differently, transporting substances and protecting the body.

Connective tissue fibers include collagen (strength and flexibility), reticular (supporting network), and elastic (elasticity).

Connective tissue consists of cells (like fibroblasts, chondrocytes) widely separated by a non-cellular matrix. This matrix contains fibers and ground substance.

Smooth muscles, found in internal organs and blood vessels, are involuntary and responsible for actions like digestion and blood vessel dilation.