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Questions and Answers
Which nerve provides sensory afferents for the central portion of the diaphragm?
Which nerve provides sensory afferents for the central portion of the diaphragm?
- Phrenic nerve (correct)
- Subcostal nerve
- Vagus nerve
- Intercostal nerve
What is the action of the Levatores Costarum muscles?
What is the action of the Levatores Costarum muscles?
- Elevates the rib (correct)
- Compresses the intercostal space
- Keeps intercostal space from blowing out or sucking in
- Compresses the thorax for forced expiration
Which artery supplies the Levatores Costarum muscles?
Which artery supplies the Levatores Costarum muscles?
- Intercostal artery
- Subcostal artery
- Deep cervical artery (correct)
- Internal thoracic artery
What is the boundary of the inferior mediastinum?
What is the boundary of the inferior mediastinum?
Which vein runs up the side of the thoracic vertebral column and drains into the superior vena cava?
Which vein runs up the side of the thoracic vertebral column and drains into the superior vena cava?
What is formed by the union of the ascending lumbar veins with the right subcostal veins?
What is formed by the union of the ascending lumbar veins with the right subcostal veins?
Which part of the mediastinum contains the pericardium, heart, and roots of the great vessels?
Which part of the mediastinum contains the pericardium, heart, and roots of the great vessels?
What symptoms are associated with mediastinal syndrome?
What symptoms are associated with mediastinal syndrome?
What nerves arise from the lower 8th thoracic ganglia of the sympathetic chain in the posterior mediastinum?
What nerves arise from the lower 8th thoracic ganglia of the sympathetic chain in the posterior mediastinum?
Which artery supplies the anterior mediastinum with small mediastinal branches?
Which artery supplies the anterior mediastinum with small mediastinal branches?
What is the region of the body between the neck and the abdomen known as?
What is the region of the body between the neck and the abdomen known as?
Which muscle of the thorax flexes and adducts the arm, and medially rotates the arms?
Which muscle of the thorax flexes and adducts the arm, and medially rotates the arms?
Where does the diaphragm primarily insert?
Where does the diaphragm primarily insert?
Which nerve primarily innervates the diaphragm?
Which nerve primarily innervates the diaphragm?
What is the framework of the chest composed of behind?
What is the framework of the chest composed of behind?
Where does the Pectoralis Major muscle originate from?
Where does the Pectoralis Major muscle originate from?
Which muscle draws the scapula forward, medialward, and downward?
Which muscle draws the scapula forward, medialward, and downward?
What pushes the abdominal organs inferiorly in the thorax?
What pushes the abdominal organs inferiorly in the thorax?
Which blood supply provides musculophrenic and superior phrenic branches?
Which blood supply provides musculophrenic and superior phrenic branches?
Which nerve innervates both medial and lateral pectoral nerves?
Which nerve innervates both medial and lateral pectoral nerves?
Which muscle is responsible for flexing and adducting the arm, and medially rotating the arm?
Which muscle is responsible for flexing and adducting the arm, and medially rotating the arm?
What is the origin of the Pectoralis Major muscle?
What is the origin of the Pectoralis Major muscle?
Which nerve primarily innervates the Pectoralis Major muscle?
Which nerve primarily innervates the Pectoralis Major muscle?
Which muscle draws the scapula forward, medially, and downward?
Which muscle draws the scapula forward, medially, and downward?
What is the origin of the Pectoralis Minor muscle?
What is the origin of the Pectoralis Minor muscle?
Which nerve primarily innervates the Pectoralis Minor muscle?
Which nerve primarily innervates the Pectoralis Minor muscle?
Which action is performed by the Diaphragm muscle?
Which action is performed by the Diaphragm muscle?
What is the primary blood supply to the Diaphragm muscle?
What is the primary blood supply to the Diaphragm muscle?
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Study Notes
Nervous and Vascular Supply
- The phrenic nerve provides sensory afferents for the central portion of the diaphragm.
- Levatores Costarum muscles elevate the ribs during respiration.
- The Levatores Costarum muscles are supplied by the intercostal arteries.
- The inferior mediastinum is bounded by the diaphragm below and the pericardium above.
Venous System
- The azygos vein runs up the side of the thoracic vertebral column and drains into the superior vena cava.
- The union of the ascending lumbar veins with the right subcostal veins forms the azygos system.
Mediastinum Components
- The middle mediastinum contains the pericardium, heart, and roots of the great vessels.
- Symptoms associated with mediastinal syndrome include cough, chest pain, and shortness of breath.
- Nerves arising from the lower 8th thoracic ganglia of the sympathetic chain include the thoracic splanchnic nerves.
Arteries and Regions
- The anterior mediastinum is supplied by small mediastinal branches from the internal thoracic artery.
- The region of the body between the neck and the abdomen is known as the thorax.
Muscular Functions
- The pectoralis major muscle flexes and adducts the arm and medially rotates the arm.
- The diaphragm primarily inserts into the central tendon.
- The diaphragm is primarily innervated by the phrenic nerve.
- The chest framework is composed of ribs, thoracic vertebrae, and sternum at the back.
Muscle Origins and Actions
- The pectoralis major muscle originates from the clavicle, sternum, and costal cartilages.
- The serratus anterior muscle draws the scapula forward, medialward, and downward.
- The diaphragm muscle pushes the abdominal organs inferiorly in the thorax.
Blood Supply to Muscles
- The diaphragm receives blood from the musculophrenic and superior phrenic arteries.
- Both medial and lateral pectoral nerves are innervated by the medial and lateral pectoral nerves, respectively.
- The pectoralis major muscle primarily receives innervation from the lateral and medial pectoral nerves.
- The pectoralis minor muscle originates from the third to fifth ribs.
- The pectoralis minor muscle is primarily innervated by the medial pectoral nerve.
Actions of Specific Muscles
- The diaphragm muscle performs inspiration and aids in the mechanics of breathing.
- The primary blood supply to the diaphragm muscle comes from the pericardiacophrenic and inferior phrenic arteries.
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