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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the skull?
What is the primary function of the skull?
- Protecting the brain (correct)
- Storing minerals like calcium
- Facilitating movement of the jaw
- Supporting the spine
How many bones does an adult human typically have?
How many bones does an adult human typically have?
- 206 (correct)
- 300
- 250
- 350
What part of the skeleton is considered movable?
What part of the skeleton is considered movable?
- The ribs
- The lower jaw (correct)
- The vertebrae
- The skull
What substance is primarily found in long bones?
What substance is primarily found in long bones?
What happens to a broken bone over time?
What happens to a broken bone over time?
Which of the following minerals is essential for bone health?
Which of the following minerals is essential for bone health?
Which bone is the longest in the human body?
Which bone is the longest in the human body?
What is the function of cartilage in the human body?
What is the function of cartilage in the human body?
Which of the following is NOT a bone of the lower leg?
Which of the following is NOT a bone of the lower leg?
How many bones make up the human wrist and hand?
How many bones make up the human wrist and hand?
Which bone connects the arm to the spine?
Which bone connects the arm to the spine?
What are the individual bones of the backbone called?
What are the individual bones of the backbone called?
What type of joint allows bones to slide past each other?
What type of joint allows bones to slide past each other?
Which joint type is present in the knees and elbows?
Which joint type is present in the knees and elbows?
What is the function of ligaments?
What is the function of ligaments?
Which joint type allows for maximum movement in all directions?
Which joint type allows for maximum movement in all directions?
What is NOT a characteristic of an immovable joint?
What is NOT a characteristic of an immovable joint?
In a pivot joint, how does one bone move relative to another?
In a pivot joint, how does one bone move relative to another?
What type of joint is NOT classified as a movable joint?
What type of joint is NOT classified as a movable joint?
Which muscles contract to bend the arm?
Which muscles contract to bend the arm?
How many muscles are approximately in the human body?
How many muscles are approximately in the human body?
What are tendons responsible for?
What are tendons responsible for?
What is the function of muscles in the body?
What is the function of muscles in the body?
How many pairs of ribs do humans have?
How many pairs of ribs do humans have?
Which muscles are involved in moving the lower arm up and down?
Which muscles are involved in moving the lower arm up and down?
What happens to the biceps when raising the lower arm?
What happens to the biceps when raising the lower arm?
What are the last two pairs of ribs called?
What are the last two pairs of ribs called?
What is the role of the triceps when lowering the arm?
What is the role of the triceps when lowering the arm?
What is the role of the backbone?
What is the role of the backbone?
How many vertebrae does a human have?
How many vertebrae does a human have?
Which bone is the longest in the upper arm?
Which bone is the longest in the upper arm?
What allows us to easily bend bones?
What allows us to easily bend bones?
Which bone is known as the strongest bone in the leg?
Which bone is known as the strongest bone in the leg?
What structure protects the spinal cord?
What structure protects the spinal cord?
What is the primary characteristic of voluntary or striped muscles?
What is the primary characteristic of voluntary or striped muscles?
Which type of muscle is responsible for involuntary functions in the body?
Which type of muscle is responsible for involuntary functions in the body?
What is the role of cardiac muscles?
What is the role of cardiac muscles?
Which statement correctly describes posture?
Which statement correctly describes posture?
Which of the following joints allows for some movement but is largely stable?
Which of the following joints allows for some movement but is largely stable?
How can we maintain strong muscles?
How can we maintain strong muscles?
What is not a characteristic of smooth muscles?
What is not a characteristic of smooth muscles?
Which muscles keep working without our knowledge?
Which muscles keep working without our knowledge?
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Study Notes
Skull
- Comprises 22 immovable bones forming the head and face; only the lower jaw is movable.
- Protects the brain from damage.
Bones Facts
- Adults have 206 bones; children start with over 350 which fuse over time.
- Bones are living tissues, supplied with blood vessels and nerves, causing pain upon injury.
- Require minerals like calcium and phosphorus for nourishment.
- Hollow inside, long bones contain bone marrow.
Ribs
- Consist of 12 pairs of curved bones forming the ribcage, attached to the breastbone (sternum) and spine.
- The last two pairs are floating ribs, only connected to the backbone, protecting the heart and lungs.
Spine or Backbone
- Made up of 33 vertebrae creating the spinal column, provides support and flexibility.
- Protects the spinal cord and allows body movements.
Limbs
- Two pairs of limbs: arms and legs.
- Each arm has a single upper long bone (humerus) and two lower bones (radius and ulna).
- The upper leg contains the longest bone, femur, while the lower leg includes tibia and fibula.
Cartilage
- Provides flexibility at joints, found in the nose, ears, and between vertebrae.
Joints
- Joints, where bones meet, are held together by ligaments.
- Two types:
- Immovable Joints (e.g., skull) allow no movement.
- Movable Joints allow movement, with cartilage preventing friction.
Kinds of Movable Joints
- Hinge Joint: Allows back-and-forth movement (e.g., elbows, knees).
- Ball and Socket Joint: Offers maximum movement in all directions (e.g., shoulders, hips).
- Pivot Joint: Allows rotation (e.g., neck).
- Gliding Joint: Enables sliding movements (e.g., ankles, wrists).
Muscles
- Approximately 650 muscles in the body form the muscular system, located above the bones and beneath the skin.
- Muscles contract and relax in pairs to create movement.
Types of Muscles
- Voluntary Muscles (Striped): Under conscious control, found in arms and legs.
- Involuntary Muscles (Smooth): Function without conscious control, found in organs like the stomach.
- Cardiac Muscles: Striped but involuntary; found exclusively in the heart.
Posture
- Correct posture is essential; exercise and body awareness help maintain good muscular health.
Key Points
- Skeleton provides body shape, skull protects the brain, and ribs shield vital organs.
- Body parts are interconnected via joints, enabling movement supported by muscles.
- Proper understanding and maintenance of posture promote overall health.
Science Vocabulary
- Skeleton, Cartilage, Joint, Ligaments, Immovable Joints, Movable Joints, Tendons, Voluntary Muscles, Involuntary Muscles, Cardiac Muscles.
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