Human Skeletal System Overview

Study Notes

An organ system is composed of at least two types of tissues organized to perform complex tasks.
The human body has 12 major organ systems, including integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, circulatory, lymphatic, immune, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems.
The skeletal system provides the human form, protects internal organs, and consists of bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments.
Tendons connect muscles to bones, ligaments connect bones to each other.
Sprains occur when bone ends partially dislocate and ligaments are stretched or torn, strains occur when muscles are stretched or torn.
Bones are classified as long, short, or flat bones.
Long bones include femur, tibia, fibula, radius, and humerus; short bones are found in the wrist and ankle; flat bones are in the skull, ribs, sternum.
Long bones consist of a shaft, ends, and growth plate where bone elongation occurs.
Joints are formed where two long bones come into contact; held together by a joint capsule and synovial fluid lubricates them.
The skeletal system is divided into the axial skeleton (skull, thoracic cage, vertebral column) and appendicular skeleton (arms, legs, pelvis).
The skull contains 28 bones in auditory ossicles, cranium, and face; cranial vault protects the brain.
The spinal column supports the body and protects the spinal cord; divided into cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx sections.
The thorax includes 12 thoracic vertebrae, 12 pairs of ribs, protects internal organs like the heart and lungs.
The appendicular skeleton includes bones of shoulder and pelvic girdles, upper and lower extremities.
Muscles in the musculoskeletal system enable body movement with over 600 voluntary muscles.
Muscle contraction requires ATP for energy; ATP breakdown uses CRE phosphate to convert ADP back into ATP.
Oxygen debt occurs when muscles require oxygen to convert lactic acid to glucose and restore ATP levels.

Description

Explore the structure, functions, and classifications of the human skeletal system, including bones, joints, and muscle interactions. Learn about the axial and appendicular skeleton, bone types, and the role of muscles in movement.