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Questions and Answers
What is the primary characteristic of rural settlements?
What is the primary characteristic of rural settlements?
Which factor influences settlement patterns?
Which factor influences settlement patterns?
What is the central place theory?
What is the central place theory?
What is a consequence of urbanization?
What is a consequence of urbanization?
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What is the primary economic activity in rural areas?
What is the primary economic activity in rural areas?
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What is the characteristic of urban settlements?
What is the characteristic of urban settlements?
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What is the result of higher-order settlements providing goods and services to lower-order settlements?
What is the result of higher-order settlements providing goods and services to lower-order settlements?
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What is the process of population shift from rural to urban areas?
What is the process of population shift from rural to urban areas?
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What is the primary factor that contributes to natural increase in population growth?
What is the primary factor that contributes to natural increase in population growth?
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What is the term for the average number of children a woman would have in her lifetime, based on current fertility rates?
What is the term for the average number of children a woman would have in her lifetime, based on current fertility rates?
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What is the primary push factor that leads people to migrate from their country of origin?
What is the primary push factor that leads people to migrate from their country of origin?
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According to the Demographic Transition Theory, what happens to population growth as a country develops?
According to the Demographic Transition Theory, what happens to population growth as a country develops?
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What is a potential consequence of rapid population growth on the environment?
What is a potential consequence of rapid population growth on the environment?
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What is the term for the number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births?
What is the term for the number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births?
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What is the primary characteristic of high-growth countries?
What is the primary characteristic of high-growth countries?
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What is the primary consequence of population growth on food security?
What is the primary consequence of population growth on food security?
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Study Notes
Human Settlement
Definition
Human settlement refers to the process of people establishing and occupying a particular area, leading to the creation of permanent or temporary dwellings, communities, and cities.
Types of Settlements
- Rural settlements: Small, scattered, and often isolated dwellings in rural areas, characterized by primary economic activities such as agriculture, forestry, and mining.
- Urban settlements: Large, densely populated areas with diverse economic activities, social services, and cultural institutions.
Factors Influencing Settlement Patterns
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Physical factors:
- Topography (e.g., mountains, valleys)
- Climate (e.g., temperature, precipitation)
- Natural resources (e.g., water, fertile soil)
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Human factors:
- Economic factors (e.g., job opportunities, transportation)
- Social factors (e.g., culture, language, family ties)
- Political factors (e.g., government policies, conflicts)
Settlement Hierarchy
-
Central place theory: A model describing the spatial distribution of settlements based on their size, function, and relationship to surrounding areas.
- Higher-order settlements (e.g., cities) provide goods and services to lower-order settlements (e.g., towns, villages)
- Lower-order settlements are dependent on higher-order settlements for specialized goods and services
Urbanization
- Urbanization: The process of population shift from rural to urban areas, leading to the growth and development of cities.
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Consequences of urbanization:
- Economic growth and job opportunities
- Increased social diversity and cultural exchange
- Environmental degradation and resource depletion
- Social inequalities and urban poverty
Human Settlement
Definition
- Human settlement refers to the process of establishing and occupying a particular area, leading to the creation of permanent or temporary dwellings, communities, and cities.
Types of Settlements
- Rural settlements: small, scattered, and often isolated dwellings in rural areas, characterized by primary economic activities such as agriculture, forestry, and mining.
- Urban settlements: large, densely populated areas with diverse economic activities, social services, and cultural institutions.
Factors Influencing Settlement Patterns
Physical Factors
- Topography influences settlement patterns, with mountains and valleys affecting the distribution of settlements.
- Climate affects settlement patterns, with temperature and precipitation influencing the suitability of an area for human habitation.
- Natural resources, such as water and fertile soil, influence settlement patterns.
Human Factors
- Economic factors, such as job opportunities and transportation, influence settlement patterns.
- Social factors, such as culture, language, and family ties, influence settlement patterns.
- Political factors, such as government policies and conflicts, influence settlement patterns.
Settlement Hierarchy
- Central place theory is a model describing the spatial distribution of settlements based on their size, function, and relationship to surrounding areas.
- Higher-order settlements provide goods and services to lower-order settlements.
- Lower-order settlements are dependent on higher-order settlements for specialized goods and services.
Urbanization
- Urbanization is the process of population shift from rural to urban areas, leading to the growth and development of cities.
- Economic growth and job opportunities are consequences of urbanization.
- Increased social diversity and cultural exchange are consequences of urbanization.
- Environmental degradation and resource depletion are consequences of urbanization.
- Social inequalities and urban poverty are consequences of urbanization.
Population Growth
- Population growth refers to the increase in the number of people living in a particular area or country over time.
Types of Population Growth
- Natural Increase: The difference between the number of births and deaths in a population, resulting in a net gain or loss.
- Migration: The movement of people into or out of a country, affecting population growth.
Factors Affecting Population Growth
Fertility
- Total Fertility Rate (TFR): The average number of children a woman would have in her lifetime, based on current fertility rates.
- Replacement Rate: 2.1 children per woman, the TFR required to replace the population.
Mortality
- Life Expectancy: The average number of years a person is expected to live, based on mortality rates.
- Infant Mortality Rate: The number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births.
Migration
- Push Factors: Reasons why people leave their country of origin, such as poverty, conflict, or lack of opportunities.
- Pull Factors: Reasons why people move to a new country, such as better job opportunities, education, or healthcare.
Consequences of Population Growth
- Environmental Impact: Increased resource consumption, pollution, and habitat destruction.
- Urbanization: Rapid growth of cities, leading to challenges in housing, infrastructure, and services.
- Food Security: Increased demand for food, potentially leading to shortages and price increases.
Theories of Population Growth
- Malthusian Theory: Population growth is limited by resource availability, leading to poverty and famine.
- Demographic Transition Theory: Population growth slows as a country develops and becomes more urbanized.
Population Growth Rates
- High-Growth Countries: Countries with high population growth rates, such as those in Africa and Asia.
- Low-Growth Countries: Countries with low population growth rates, such as those in Europe and North America.
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Description
Explore the definition and types of human settlements, including rural and urban settlements, and their characteristics.
