Human Respiratory System Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the pulmonary artery in the circulatory system?

It collects waste products from the body's cells.

It carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs. (correct)

It returns oxygenated blood to the heart.

It pumps oxygenated blood to the body.

Which condition results from the accumulation of air in the pleural cavity?

Pleural Effusion

Empyema

Hemothorax

Pneumothorax (correct)

What type of respiratory disorder is characterized by the spitting of blood?

Asthma

Cystic Fibrosis

Chronic Bronchitis

Hemoptysis (correct)

Which surgical procedure involves the removal of the tonsils?

Tonsillectomy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is classified as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Emphysema Signup and view all the answers

What causes silicosis?

Dust from grinding rocks or glass Signup and view all the answers

Which surgical incision is specifically related to the airway?

Tracheotomy Signup and view all the answers

What is a major symptom of asthma?

Chronic cough Signup and view all the answers

How does the composition of the larynx affect sound pitch?

Short and thin larynx produces a high pitch. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the trachea in the respiratory system?

It divides air into the right and left bronchi. Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the lungs is involved in the exchange of gases?

Alveoli Signup and view all the answers

What component is found between the parietal and visceral pleurae?

Pleural cavity Signup and view all the answers

What is an alternate name for the circulatory system?

Cardiovascular system Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the circulatory system?

Producing hormones Signup and view all the answers

What does circulation refer to in the context of the circulatory system?

The transportation or movement in circles Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the protective functions of blood?

Fighting infection Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of a DNA nucleotide?

A pentose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bases are part of the DNA structure?

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine Signup and view all the answers

What is biodiversity a measure of?

The variety of life within a specific area Signup and view all the answers

What typically happens when a population exceeds its carrying capacity?

Organisms die due to unmet needs Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for environmental conditions that limit population growth?

Limiting factors Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a species becomes endangered?

It becomes vulnerable to extinction Signup and view all the answers

Which human activity is most responsible for accelerating species extinction?

Deforestation Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of a community with low biodiversity?

Greater vulnerability to environmental changes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of bronchodilators?

Dilation of bronchial walls Signup and view all the answers

What role do expectorants play in treating respiratory conditions?

They promote coughing and expelling of mucus. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of inheritance, what is an allele?

A different form of a gene controlling a trait Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes incomplete dominance?

A heterozygote shows an intermediate phenotype Signup and view all the answers

What does a Punnett square help to determine?

The likelihood of genotypes and phenotypes from a genetic cross Signup and view all the answers

According to the chromosome theory of inheritance, what determines an inherited trait?

The chromosomes carrying the genes Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of codominance?

Both alleles are expressed simultaneously Signup and view all the answers

What function do nebulizers serve in respiratory treatment?

To ease breathing problems by delivering medication Signup and view all the answers

What is produced from the oxidation of acetyl-CoA in the Krebs Cycle?

NADH, FADH2, and ATP Signup and view all the answers

How much ATP is produced per molecule of NADH during the Electron Transport Chain?

3 ATP Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the leaf is primarily responsible for photosynthesis?

Mesophyll Signup and view all the answers

In which stage of photosynthesis is water utilized?

Light Dependent Reaction Signup and view all the answers

What are the products of the light dependent reaction of photosynthesis?

ATP and Oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What pigment in chloroplasts absorbs light energy for photosynthesis?

Chlorophyll Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the stroma in chloroplasts?

Site for Calvin Cycle Signup and view all the answers

Which colored light is not absorbed by chlorophyll?

Green Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Respiratory System

The pitch of the voice is influenced by the structure of the larynx; shorter and thinner configurations produce high pitch, while thicker and longer ones yield low pitch.
The trachea, or windpipe, connects the larynx to the bronchi and divides into right and left bronchi at the mediastinum.
Internal respiration occurs in the alveoli of the lungs, where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged with lung capillaries.
Lungs consist of right and left lobes, covered by a double membrane (parietal pleura on the outer side and visceral pleura on the inner side), with the pleural cavity in between.
The respiratory cycle includes one inhalation and one exhalation, facilitating the passage of air from the environment to lung capillaries and back out.

Circulatory System

Also known as the cardiovascular system, it nourishes cells with nutrients and oxygen while removing waste products.
Functions include transporting oxygen, glucose, nutrients, carbon dioxide, water, and waste products; regulating body temperature; and protecting against infections with antibodies.
The heart pumps blood, with deoxygenated blood moving from the heart to the lungs via pulmonary arteries, and oxygenated blood returning through pulmonary veins to the heart.
Blood flows under high pressure from the heart to the body through the aorta.

Pathologies of Respiratory and Circulatory Systems

Upper respiratory infections affect parts of the respiratory tract.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) includes conditions like emphysema and chronic bronchitis, characterized by obstructed airways.
Asthma leads to narrowed bronchi, resulting in symptoms like wheezing and dyspnea.
Cystic fibrosis results in thick mucus due to problems in the exocrine glands, causing chronic obstruction.
Pneumonia is an acute infection of the alveoli; atelectasis refers to collapsed alveoli.
Environmental conditions, such as pneumoconiosis, anthracosis, asbestosis, and silicosis, cause lung diseases from inhaled particles.
Disorders of the pleura include pneumothorax (air in pleural cavity), empyema (pus), hemothorax (blood), and pleural effusion (fluid).

Surgical Terms

Otorhinolaryngologists specialize in upper respiratory disorders and perform surgeries like tonsillectomy, laryngectomy, and pneumonectomy.
Surgical procedures involve different incisions, such as thoracotomy and tracheotomy.
Endotracheal intubation secures an airway through the trachea.

Pharmacology

Respiratory disorders often require antibiotics, antihistamines, and anticoagulants.
Bronchodilators expand bronchial walls, while expectorants promote mucus expulsion.
Mechanical devices include ventilators for patients unable to breathe and nebulizers for medication delivery.

Heredity and Inheritance

Gregor Mendel’s principles underpin heredity; chromosome theory associates traits with specific chromosomes, with exceptions to Mendelian laws regarding dominant and recessive alleles.
Alleles are different gene forms; Punnett squares help predict potential genotypes and phenotypes.
Incomplete dominance results in an intermediate phenotype, whereas codominance involves expression of both alleles.
DNA consists of nucleotide chains, with complementary base pairs (adenine with thymine, guanine with cytosine) forming its structure.

Biodiversity and Evolution

Ecosystems consist of interdependent populations; loss of a species can lead to irreversible ecosystem changes.
Biodiversity refers to species variety; ecosystems with high diversity are more resilient to environmental changes.
Population density impacts ecosystem balance; limiting factors prevent overpopulation (e.g., food, water).
Carrying capacity is the maximum population size supported by an environment; exceeding this leads to population decline.
Human activities like deforestation cause habitat loss and increased extinction rates; examples of endangered species include the Tamaraw and Dugong.

Photosynthesis

Leaves have upper/lower epidermis (protective layers), mesophyll (rich in chloroplasts for photosynthesis), and vascular bundles (transport water and nutrients).
Chloroplasts contain thylakoids, where chlorophyll absorbs light for photosynthesis, primarily capturing red and blue wavelengths, reflecting green.
Two stages of photosynthesis include:
- Light-dependent reactions occur in thylakoid membranes, converting light energy to chemical energy (ATP and NADPH) using water.
- The Calvin cycle operates in the stroma, converting carbon dioxide into glucose.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the human respiratory system, including key structures like the larynx, trachea, and bronchi. Understand how factors like size affect pitch and the pathways air takes from the bronchi to the alveoli.