Podcast
Questions and Answers
The ______ is the main organ where gas exchange happens.
The ______ is the main organ where gas exchange happens.
lungs
The ______ is a muscle that helps in breathing.
The ______ is a muscle that helps in breathing.
diaphragm
The main function of the digestive system is to break down food into ______ that the body can use.
The main function of the digestive system is to break down food into ______ that the body can use.
nutrients
The ______ is a tube that moves food from the mouth to the stomach.
The ______ is a tube that moves food from the mouth to the stomach.
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The ______ is a tiny network of vessels where gas exchange happens.
The ______ is a tiny network of vessels where gas exchange happens.
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The ______ system transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste around the body.
The ______ system transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste around the body.
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The ______ is the main organ of the circulatory system.
The ______ is the main organ of the circulatory system.
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The ______ system produces hormones to regulate body functions.
The ______ system produces hormones to regulate body functions.
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______ blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen.
______ blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen.
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______ blood cells fight infection.
______ blood cells fight infection.
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Flashcards
Respiratory System
Respiratory System
Provides oxygen to the body and removes carbon dioxide.
Lungs
Lungs
Main organ where gas exchange happens.
Alveoli
Alveoli
Tiny air sacs where oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide leaves.
Diaphragm
Diaphragm
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Oxygen Diffusion
Oxygen Diffusion
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Circulatory System
Circulatory System
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Heart
Heart
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Red Blood Cells
Red Blood Cells
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Capillaries
Capillaries
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Endocrine System
Endocrine System
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Study Notes
Respiratory System
- Function: Provides oxygen to the body and removes carbon dioxide.
- Main Organs:
- Lungs: Primary organ for gas exchange.
- Trachea: Air passageway to the lungs.
- Bronchi & Bronchioles: Tubes that direct air into the lungs.
- Alveoli: Tiny air sacs where oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide leaves; adaptations include thin walls for easy gas exchange, a large surface area for rapid exchange, and a rich network of blood capillaries to quickly exchange gases.
- Diaphragm: Muscle responsible for breathing.
- Process:
- Oxygen is inhaled into the lungs.
- Oxygen diffuses into the bloodstream at the alveoli.
- Carbon dioxide is removed from the blood and exhaled.
- During Exercise:
- Breathing rate increases to provide more oxygen.
- More carbon dioxide is removed.
- Deep breathing enhances oxygen intake.
Digestive System
- Function: Breaks down food into nutrients the body can use.
- Main Organs:
- Mouth: Breaks down food using teeth and saliva.
- Esophagus: Moves food to the stomach.
- Stomach: Digests food using acid and enzymes.
- Small Intestine: Absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream. Villi increase the surface area for absorption.
- Large Intestine: Absorbs water and forms waste.
- Liver & Pancreas: Assist in fat digestion and regulate blood sugar.
Circulatory System
- Function: Transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste around the body.
- Main Organs:
- Heart: Pumps blood throughout the body.
- Blood Vessels:
- Arteries: Carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart.
- Veins: Carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart.
- Capillaries: Tiny vessels for gas and nutrient exchange between the blood and body cells.
- Blood Components:
- Red Blood Cells: Carry oxygen.
- White Blood Cells: Fight infection.
- Platelets: Help with blood clotting.
- Plasma: Carries nutrients and waste.
- During Exercise:
- Heart rate increases to deliver more oxygen to muscles.
- Increased carbon dioxide removal.
Endocrine System
- Function: Produces hormones to regulate body functions.
- Main Glands & Hormones:
- Pancreas: Produces insulin to control blood sugar.
- Adrenal Glands: Produce adrenaline for the "fight or flight" response.
- Thyroid: Produces thyroxin to regulate metabolism.
- Pituitary Gland: Controls other glands and produces growth hormone.
- Reproductive glands: Ovaries in females produce estrogen and progesterone, while testes in males produce testosterone.
Nervous System
- Function: Controls body movements and responses.
- Main Parts:
- Brain: Processes information and controls actions.
- Spinal Cord: Sends signals between the brain and body.
- Nerves: Carry messages to and from the brain.
- Neurones:
- Thin projections (dendrites) extend from the cell body and connect with other neurones; allowing electrical impulses to pass from one to the other.
- Cell body: contains the nucleus; the central part of the neuron
- Axon: the long extension of a neuron that transmits electrical impulses to other neurons or to target cells.
- Myelin sheath: a fatty layer that surrounds the axon to insulate and speed up electrical conduction.
- Types of Responses:
- Voluntary: Controlled movements (e.g., catching a ball).
- Reflexes: Automatic responses (e.g., pulling away from heat).
- Reflex Arc Response:
- A series of events that quickly produces a reflex action
- Stimulus detection by receptor cells in the skin.
- Sensory neurons carrying signal to the spinal cord.
- Spinal cord relays a response via a motor neurone.
- Motor neuron stimulates muscle contraction to produce a reflex action.
- A series of events that quickly produces a reflex action
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Description
Explore the functions and main organs of the human respiratory and digestive systems. This quiz covers key aspects like gas exchange, organ functions, and the processes involved in breathing and digestion. Test your knowledge on how these systems interact with physical activity and nutrient absorption.
