Human Respiratory and Circulatory Systems Quiz

<p>(Tidal Volume - Anatomical Dead Space) / Tidal Volume x 100% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>70% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the environment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Action potential (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lungs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The atria are smaller and receive blood from the body, while the ventricles are larger and pump blood out of the heart. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To protect and lubricate the heart (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diastole and systole (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Producing hormones that regulate blood pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It regulates the flow of air to the lungs. (A), It is responsible for the production of sound. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the capillaries of the lungs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It connects the larynx to the bronchi. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vena cava (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It carries blood from the heart to the lungs. (C), It carries deoxygenated blood. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pharynx leads into the larynx. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Esophagus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pulmonary vein carries blood from the lungs to the heart. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To pump blood to the lungs for gas exchange. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skeletal muscle relies on direct interaction between transverse tubules and the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), while cardiac muscle uses Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Short, branched, and interconnected, with electrical synapses (gap junctions). (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiac muscle is capable of producing its own action potentials automatically, while skeletal muscle requires external stimulation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gap junctions allow for the rapid and coordinated spread of electrical signals throughout the heart. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Taurine deficiency can contribute to heart problems in both humans and animals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ATP provides energy for the activation of the myosin head and its change in orientation (A), ATP is used to break the bond between myosin and actin after the power stroke (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To regulate the exposure of actin binding sites for myosin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The troponin-tropomyosin complex moves, exposing binding sites on actin for myosin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To bind to actin, undergo a power stroke, and detach from actin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High calcium concentrations inhibit the binding of myosin to actin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skeletal muscle requires external stimulation by somatic motor nerves, while cardiac muscle is stimulated by the autonomic nervous system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To bind to actin and generate the power stroke during muscle contraction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The muscle fiber relaxes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Z-disc (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myosin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sarcomere (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Located within the sarcolemma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The different protein compositions of the thin and thick filaments create the dark and light bands. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>I-band (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>H-zone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Troponin binds to calcium and moves tropomyosin away from the myosin binding sites. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tropomyosin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The myosin head binds to actin and pulls the thin filament toward the center of the sarcomere. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcium ions bind to troponin. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sliding filament theory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sarcolemma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The H-zone gets smaller. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The type of muscle fibers present (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The volume of the respiratory system that doesn't participate in gas exchange.

The amount of air inhaled or exhaled during normal breathing.

The portion of inhaled air that participates in gas exchange in the lungs.

The method to determine the percentage of fresh air entering the alveoli.

The process of oxygen and carbon dioxide transfer between the alveoli and blood.

The tendency of hemoglobin to bind with oxygen; decreased affinity means hemoglobin releases oxygen more readily.

The process of oxygen entering the bloodstream from the alveoli in the lungs during breathing.

The process of carbon dioxide being released from tissues into the bloodstream for exhalation.

How blood is allocated throughout the body, varying during different activity levels.

Anatomical components including trachea, bronchi, and alveoli facilitating gas exchange.

The physical actions of inhalation and exhalation involving diaphragm and intercostal muscles.

The sequence of electrical impulses that trigger heartbeats, controlling the heart rhythm.

The sequence of events in one heartbeat including contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole).

A muscular passage that connects the nasal cavity to the larynx.

The voice box that diverts air to the lungs and food to the esophagus.

The tube that carries air from the larynx to the lungs.

Branches from the trachea leading to the lungs.

Carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.

Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

Large vein carrying deoxygenated blood to the right atrium of the heart.

The chamber that receives deoxygenated blood from the body.

The chamber that receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.

Networks of small blood vessels where gas exchange occurs.

The natural pacemaker of the heart that produces action potentials automatically.

Short, branched, and interconnected heart muscle cells forming the heart myocardium.

Direct excitation-contraction coupling via transverse tubules and SR in skeletal muscles.

In cardiac cells, Ca2+ channels don't directly interact; it involves Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release.

Cats need taurine in their diet to prevent heart failure; humans do not produce it.

The part of myosin that binds to actin and ATP.

The process where ATP is broken down to ADP, activating myosin.

A protein complex that has 3 subunits, attached to tropomyosin.

A protein that, together with troponin, regulates actin's access to myosin.

A crucial ion that binds with troponin, triggering muscle contraction.

The action where myosin pulls actin, shortening the muscle.

Cardiac muscle contracts with intrinsic signals; skeletal needs external nerve signals.

The process linking muscle excitation to contraction.

The process where myocardial cells return to a relaxed state after contraction.

Long, rod-shaped organelles in muscle fibers that facilitate contraction.

The alternating light and dark bands observed in myofibrils due to actin and myosin arrangement.

Protein structures that act as anchors for thin filaments in a sarcomere.

The section of muscle fiber between two Z-discs, functioning as the basic unit of contraction.

Protein strands primarily composed of actin, involved in muscle contraction.

Proteins, primarily myosin, that interact with thin filaments for muscle contraction.

A protein that makes up thin filaments in muscle fibers and facilitates contraction.

A protein that forms thick filaments in muscle fibers and has heads that pivot for contraction.

Light bands in a striated muscle, which contain only thin filaments.

Dark bands in a striated muscle, containing thick and some thin filaments.

The central region of the A-band where only thick filaments are present.

The process by which thick and thin filaments slide past each other, shortening the sarcomere.